Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to ADA Deficiency
Conditions
Keywords
gene therapy, hematopoietic and progenitor cells, lentiviral vector, ADA-SCID
Brief summary
This is a prospective, non-randomized, single-cohort, longitudinal, single-center, clinical study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a cryopreserved formulation of OTL-101 (autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells transduced ex vivo with EFS (Elongation Factor 1α Short form) Lentiviral Vector (LV) encoding for the human ADA gene) administered to ADA-SCID subjects between the ages of 30 days and 17 years of age, who are not eligible for an Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matched sibling/family donor and meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The OTL-101 product is infused after a minimal interval of at least 24 hours following the completion of reduced intensity conditioning. For subjects who successfully receive the OTL-101 product, pegademase bovine (PEG-ADA) Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is discontinued at Day+30 (-3/+15) after the transplant. After their discharge from hospital, the subjects will be seen at regular intervals to review their history, perform examinations and draw blood samples to assess immunity and safety.
Interventions
autologous cryopreserved EFS-ADA LV CD34+ cells (OTL-101) are infused intravenously
DRUGbusulfan
Busulfan is used for non-myeloablative conditioning
DRUGPEG-ADA ERT
PEG-ADA ERT is discontinued at Day +30 (-3/+15 days) after successful engraftment
Sponsors
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)
Orchard Therapeutics
University of California, Los Angeles
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Days to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Provision of written informed consent prior to any study related procedures. In this study consent must be provided by the parents/legal guardians and, where applicable according to local laws, a signed assent from the child, 2. Subjects ≥30 days and \<18 years of age, 3. With a diagnosis of ADA-SCID based on: Evidence of ADA deficiency, defined as: i. Decreased ADA enzymatic activity in erythrocytes, leukocytes, skin fibroblasts, or in cultured fetal cells to levels consistent with ADA-SCID as determined by the reference laboratory, or ii. Identified mutations in ADA alleles consistent with a severe reduction in ADA activity, Evidence of ADA-SCID based on either: i. Family history of a first order relative with ADA deficiency and clinical and laboratory evidence of severe immunologic deficiency, or ii. Evidence of severe immunologic deficiency in subjects prior to the institution of immune restorative therapy, based on * Lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) \<400 cells/µL) OR absence or low number of T cells (absolute CD3+ count \< 300 cells/µL), or * Severely decreased T lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (either \<10% of lower limit of normal controls for the diagnostic laboratory, or \<10% of the response of the normal control of the day, or stimulation index \<10), or * Identification of SCID by neonatal screening revealing low T cell Receptor Excision Circle (TREC) levels. 4. Ineligible for matched family allogeneic Bone Marrow (BM) transplantation, defined as the absence of a medically eligible HLA-identical sibling or family donor, with normal immune function, who could serve as an allogeneic bone marrow donor. 5. Females of child-bearing age will be required to provide a negative pregnancy test 30 days prior to Visit 2. 6. Subjects and their parents/legal guardians must be willing and able to comply with study restrictions and to remain at the clinic for the required duration during the study period and willing to return to the clinic for the follow up evaluation as specified in the protocol.
Exclusion criteria
1. Ineligible for autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) as per clinical site criteria. 2. Other conditions which in the opinion of the Principal Investigator and/or Co Investigators, contraindicate the harvest of bone marrow, the administration of Busulfan and the infusion of transduced cells, or which indicate an inability of the subject or subject's parent/legal guardian to comply with the protocol. 3. Hematologic abnormality, defined as: * Anemia (Hb \<8.0 g/dl). * Neutropenia (ANC \<500/mm3). Note: ANC \<500 with absence of myelodysplastic syndrome on bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and normal marrow cytogenetics are acceptable for eligibility. * Thrombocytopenia (platelet count \<50,000/mm3, at any age). * Prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) \>2 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (subjects with a correctable deficiency controlled on medication will not be excluded). * Cytogenetic abnormalities on peripheral blood or bone marrow or amniotic fluid (if available). * Prior allogeneic HSCT with cytoreductive conditioning. 4. Pulmonary abnormality, defined as: * Resting O2 saturation by pulse oximetry \<90% on room air. * Chest X-ray indicating active or progressive pulmonary disease. Note: Chest X ray indicating residual signs of treated pneumonitis is acceptable for eligibility. 5. Cardiac abnormality, defined as: * Abnormal ECG indicating cardiac pathology. * Uncorrected congenital cardiac malformation with clinical symptoms. * Active cardiac disease, including clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, cyanosis, hypotension. * Poor cardiac function as evidenced by left ventricular ejection fraction \<40% on echocardiogram. 6. Neurologic abnormality, defined as: * Significant neurologic abnormality revealed by examination. * Uncontrolled seizure disorder. 7. Renal abnormality, defined as: * Renal insufficiency: serum creatinine ≥1.2 mg/dl (106 µmol/L), or ≥3+ proteinuria. * Abnormal serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or phosphate levels at \>2 x ULN. 8. Hepatic/gastrointestinal abnormality, defined as: * Serum transaminases \>5 x ULN. * Serum bilirubin \>2 x ULN. * Serum glucose \>1.5 x ULN. 9. Oncologic disease, defined as: * Evidence of active malignant disease other than dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). * Evidence of DFSP expected to require anti-neoplastic therapy within the 5 years following the infusion of genetically corrected cells (if anti-neoplastic therapy has been completed, a subject with a history of DFSP can be included). * Evidence of DFSP expected to be life limiting within the 5 years following the infusion of genetically corrected cells. 10. Known sensitivity to Busulfan. 11. Confirmation of an infectious disease by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive at time of screening assessment for the following: * HIV-1, * Hepatitis B, * Parvovirus B19. 12. The subject is pregnant or has a major congenital anomaly. 13. Is likely to require treatment during the study with drugs that are not permitted by the study protocol. 14. The subject has previously received another form of gene therapy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months) | 6 months | Efficacy of OTL-101 treatment at 6 months post OTL-101 infusion based on the following parameters and thresholds: 1. ADA enzyme activity in erythrocytes above baseline/pretreatment level (i.e., \>0 units). ADA enzyme activity is measured to assess the amount of functional gene product produced from the normal ADA transgene delivered by EFS-ADA LV. 2. Absolute CD3+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/μL. Increase in CD3+ T cell counts is a marker of immune reconstitution. 3. Granulocyte samples positive for vector sequences by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (≥1/10,000 cells). Vector copy number (VCN) in the Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes fraction that was T cell depleted, is a surrogate for amount of engrafted genetically modified Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that are producing granulocytes every 3-5 days. |
| Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | 12 Months | Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101. |
| Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | 12 Months | Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment | 24 months | The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. Infections that took place in the first 3 months of follow-up post treatment were excluded from calculations to avoid possible bias introduced in the data by the effects of conditioning. |
| Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years) | 24 months | Assessment of quality of life was measured by the Lansky Performance Status Scale. The maximum score on the Lansky Performance Scale is 100 - the child is fully active and able to carry on normal activity with no special care needed. The minimum score is 10 - the child is completely disabled, not even passive play. The scores at baseline (pre-treatment with OTL-101) and scores at Month 24 post-treatment with OTL-101 were compared to establish if there were any changes in the child's score in this timeframe. |
| OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | 24 months | OS is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 24 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101. |
| Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years) | 24 months | Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. For subjects who stopped IgRT during the study, the time of cessation was recorded. |
| Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years) | 24 months | Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. Indications for considering the discontinuation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy included: absolute CD4+ \>200, absolute B cell \>100/μl, IgA or IgM \> lower limit of normal for age or gene marking \>1% detectable in B cells. |
| EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | 24 months | Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death. |
| Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years) | 24 months | Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gene Therapy Infusion of autologous cryopreserved CD34+ cells genetically modified by the EF1αS-ADA (EFS-ADA) lentiviral vector (LV)
Busulfan: Busulfan is used for non-myeloablative conditioning
Polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA): PEG-ADA enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is discontinued at Day 30 +/- 3 days from date of infusion of OTL-101. | 10 |
| Total | 10 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Treatment Failure | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Gene Therapy |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 10 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Afro-American | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian | 6 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown | 1 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 10 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 10 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 10 / 10 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 10 |
Outcome results
Primary
Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death.
Time frame: 12 Months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | Percentage event-free at 12 months | 90.00 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | Percentage without reinstitution of PEG-ADA by 12 months | 90.00 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | Percentage without rescue HSCT by 12 months | 100 percentage of participants |
Primary
Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101.
Time frame: 12 Months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year) | 100 percentage of participants |
Primary
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months)
Efficacy of OTL-101 treatment at 6 months post OTL-101 infusion based on the following parameters and thresholds: 1. ADA enzyme activity in erythrocytes above baseline/pretreatment level (i.e., \>0 units). ADA enzyme activity is measured to assess the amount of functional gene product produced from the normal ADA transgene delivered by EFS-ADA LV. 2. Absolute CD3+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/μL. Increase in CD3+ T cell counts is a marker of immune reconstitution. 3. Granulocyte samples positive for vector sequences by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (≥1/10,000 cells). Vector copy number (VCN) in the Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes fraction that was T cell depleted, is a surrogate for amount of engrafted genetically modified Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that are producing granulocytes every 3-5 days.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all evaluable subjects at 6-month post-treatment with OTL-101.~For outcome measure % of subjects with CD3+ T-cell count \>=200 cells/μL, only 9 subjects were evaluable as data was not available for 1 subject.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months) | % of subjects with an increase from baseline in RBC ADA activity | 100 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months) | % of subjects with CD3+ T-cell count >=200 cells/μL | 100 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months) | % of subjects with detectable gene-marked granulocytes by quantitative PCR >=1/10,000 cells | 90 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)
Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study, with the exception of 1 subject who was withdrawn prior to Month 24 timepoint and an additional 1 subject for whom CD3+ T cell count data was not available at the Month 24 timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years) | 418.5 cells/μL |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years)
Assessment of quality of life was measured by the Lansky Performance Status Scale. The maximum score on the Lansky Performance Scale is 100 - the child is fully active and able to carry on normal activity with no special care needed. The minimum score is 10 - the child is completely disabled, not even passive play. The scores at baseline (pre-treatment with OTL-101) and scores at Month 24 post-treatment with OTL-101 were compared to establish if there were any changes in the child's score in this timeframe.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: Quality of life data was available for 7/10 subjects at the Month 24 timepoint there only 7 subjects were included in the analysis for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years) | 0 Lansky Performance Score |
Secondary
EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | Percentage event-free at 24 months | 90.00 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | Percentage without reinstitution of PEG-ADA by 24 months | 90.00 percentage of participants |
| Gene Therapy | EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | Percentage without rescue HSCT by 24 months | 100 percentage of participants |
Secondary
OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
OS is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 24 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study, with the exception of 1 subject who was withdrawn prior to Month 24 timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years) | 100 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years)
Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. Indications for considering the discontinuation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy included: absolute CD4+ \>200, absolute B cell \>100/μl, IgA or IgM \> lower limit of normal for age or gene marking \>1% detectable in B cells.
Time frame: 24 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years) | 78 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment
The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. Infections that took place in the first 3 months of follow-up post treatment were excluded from calculations to avoid possible bias introduced in the data by the effects of conditioning.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: The efficacy population was a modified intent-to-treat population and consisted of all subjects treated with OTL-101 within this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment | 0.12 Infections per person per year |
Secondary
Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years)
Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. For subjects who stopped IgRT during the study, the time of cessation was recorded.
Time frame: 24 months
Population: IgRT data was available for 7/10 subjects at the Month 24 timepoint there only 7 subjects were included in the analysis for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gene Therapy | Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years) | 11.6 months |