Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Insulin Resistance, Shift Work Type Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Insulin Resistance, Shift Work, Circadian Rhythms, MTNR1B
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether night time eating that coincides with elevated endogenous melatonin impairs glucose tolerance, particularly in carriers of the MTNR1B risk allele.
Detailed description
Preliminary observations suggest that food intake coincident with high melatonin levels leads to impaired glucose tolerance-particularly in MTNR1B risk allele carriers. Our objectives are to determine the effect of concurrent food intake and melatonin on glucose tolerance; and to assess the role of MTNR1B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)\*melatonin interaction in this deleterious effect. Our central hypothesis is that concurrent high melatonin levels and food intake, commonly experienced in night shift workers, cause long-term impairment of glucose tolerance and that this effect is worse in carriers of the MTNR1B type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk SNP than in non-carriers. The results of this proposal will help to clarify an ongoing controversy about the role of melatonin in glucose tolerance, and will help to develop novel strategies in the prevention and treatment of T2D, especially in shift workers, night eaters, and MTNR1B risk allele carriers.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Brigham and Women's Hospital
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Massachusetts General Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male or non-pregnant female * 18-60 years * Currently employed (night shift workers and day workers), graduate students, part-time workers, or unemployed * Able and willing to give consent relevant to genetic investigation
Exclusion criteria
* Currently taking any medications for the treatment of diabetes * Currently taking medications known to affect glycemic parameters, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormone or fluoroquinolones * Pregnant, nursing or at risk of becoming pregnant * Chronic renal failure, hepatic diseases, or cancer diagnoses * Bulimia diagnosis, prone to binge eating * Eating disorder diagnosis such as anorexia, binge eating, or bulimia * With psychiatric illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder * Blind * History of bariatric surgery
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Curve (AUC) glucose | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 | Investigators will measure insulin and glucose levels for 120 minutes at day time and night time visits, and compare them by genotype at selected loci. |
| Disposition index | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 | Disposition index will be determined by frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Fasting Glucose | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 |
| Corrected Insulin Response | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 |
| Plasma Melatonin | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 |
| Fasting Insulin | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 |
| Insulin Sensitivity Index | Between 0-120 minutes, Visit 2 and 3 |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Chronotype | Baseline | Assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) |
| Sleep Duration | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Sleep duration will be computed from self-reported bed and wake up times using sleep logs and measured using an Actiwatch. |
| Depression | Baseline | Assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) |
| Emotional Eating Behavior | Baseline | Assessed using the Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) |
| Sleep Quality | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Sleep quality will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index |
| Light Exposure | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Measured using Actiwatch |
| Total Energy Intake | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Total energy intake in kcal/day will be computed from 14-day 24-hr dietary recalls |
| Dietary Composition | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Macronutrient and micronutrient intake will be computed from 14-days of self-reported 24-hr dietary recalls |
| Dietary Intake Timing | Total of 2 weeks between Visit 1 and 3 | Food timing will be self-reported and averaged across 14-days of 24-hr dietary recalls |
| Physical Activity | Baseline | Assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed