Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma, Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase III trial studies how well combination chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and/or atezolizumab work in treating patients with deficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair colorectal cancer that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic). Chemotherapy drugs, such as fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin calcium, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Bevacizumab is in a class of medications called antiangiogenic agents. It works by stopping the formation of blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to tumor. This may slow the growth and spread of the tumor. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving combination chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and atezolizumab may work better in treating patients with colorectal cancer.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine the efficacy, based on progression-free survival (PFS), of fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin calcium (modified \[m\]FOLFOX6)/bevacizumab plus atezolizumab (combination) as compared to single agent atezolizumab. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the overall survival. II. To compare the objective response rates (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. III. To determine the safety profiles of single agent atezolizumab and the combination of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab/atezolizumab in patients with mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). IV. To determine the duration of response. V. To determine the duration of stable disease. VI. To determine the rate of progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 months. VII. To evaluate the disease control rate (complete response \[CR\] + partial response \[PR\] + stable disease \[SD\]) at 12 months. TRANSLATIONAL OBJECTIVE: I. To bank tissue and blood samples for other future correlative studies from patients enrolled on the study. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms. ARM I (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 6/4/2020): Patients receive bevacizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 of cycles 1-10, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1, and fluorouracil IV over 46-48 hours on days 1 and 2. Treatment with oxaliplatin repeats every 2 weeks for up to 10 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Treatment of bevacizumab, leucovorin calcium, and fluorouracil repeat every 2 weeks for up to 48 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo computed tomography (CT) with or without positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo collection of optional blood samples throughout the trial. ARM II: Patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks for up to 48 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT with or without PET or MRI throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo collection of optional blood samples throughout the trial. ARM III: Patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks for up to 48 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 cycles 1-10, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1, and fluorouracil IV over 46-48 hours on day 1. Treatment with oxaliplatin repeats every 2 weeks for up to 10 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Treatment of bevacizumab, leucovorin calcium, and fluorouracil repeat every 2 weeks for up to 48 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT with or without PET or MRI throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo collection of optional blood samples throughout the trial. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 8 weeks for 18 months, and then every 12 weeks for up to 5 years.
Interventions
DRUGAtezolizumab
Given IV
BIOLOGICALBevacizumab
Given IV
PROCEDUREBiospecimen Collection
Undergo collection of blood samples
PROCEDUREComputed Tomography
Undergo CT or CT/PET
DRUGFluorouracil
Given IV
DRUGLeucovorin
Given IV
PROCEDUREMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Undergo MRI
DRUGOxaliplatin
Given IV
PROCEDUREPositron Emission Tomography
Undergo CT/PET
OTHERQuality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
OTHERQuestionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NRG Oncology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* The patient must have signed and dated an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved consent form that conforms to federal and institutional guidelines * Age \>= 18 years * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1 or 2 * Diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of colon or rectum without previous chemotherapy or any other systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer except for one cycle of FOLFOX or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX), either with or without bevacizumab prior to enrollment. Upon enrollment, the preceding single cycle of FOLFOX or FOLFOX + bevacizumab, if the patient received one, will not count towards patients' assessments per protocol. Cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1) of atezolizumab or C1D1 of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab + atezolizumab will correspond to the first day the patient received therapy on trial * Tumor determined to be mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR) by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified immunohistochemical (IHC) assay with a panel of all four IHC markers, including MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6; alternatively, MSI-H diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assessment of microsatellite alterations (either Bethesda markers or Pentaplex panel) or by next-generation sequencing (NGS) are eligible * Documentation by PET/CT scan, CT scan, or MRI that the patient has measurable metastatic disease per RECIST 1.1 * No immediate need for surgical intervention for the primary tumor or palliative diversion/bypass * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) must be \>= 1500/mm\^3 (obtained within 28 days prior randomization) * Platelet count must be \>= 100,000/mm\^3 (obtained within 28 days prior randomization) * Hemoglobin must be \>= 8 g/dL (obtained within 28 days prior randomization) * Total bilirubin must be =\< 4 x ULN (upper limit of normal) (obtained within 28 days prior randomization); and * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) must be =\< 3 x ULN for the lab with the following exception: for patients with documented liver metastases, AST and ALT must be =\< 5 x ULN (obtained within 28 days prior randomization) * Calculated creatinine clearance \>= 30 mL/min (obtained within 28 days prior randomization) * A urine sample tested for proteinuria by either the dipstick method, urinalysis (UA), or a urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio: * The dipstick method must indicate 0-1+ protein; if dipstick reading is \>= 2+, a 24-hour urine must be done and it must demonstrate \< 1.0 g of protein per 24 hours or a UPC ratio \< 1.0 * A urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio must be \< 1.0; if the UPC ratio is \>= 1.0 a 24-hour urine must be done and it must demonstrate \< 1.0 g of protein per 24 hours * Urinalysis must indicate \< 30 mg/dl. If urinalysis \>= 30 mg/dl, a 24-hour urine must be done and it must demonstrate \< 1.0 g of protein per 24 hours or a UPC ratio \< 1.0 * International normalized ratio of prothrombin time (INR) and prothrombin time (PT) must be =\< 1.5 x ULN for the lab within 28 days before randomization; patients who are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin may participate if they are on a stable dose and no underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists per medical history, regardless of PT/INR results * Pregnancy test done within 28 days prior randomization must be negative (for women of childbearing potential only); pregnancy testing should be performed according to institutional standards; administration of atezolizumab or mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab/atezolizumab may have an adverse effect on pregnancy and poses a risk to the human fetus, including embryo-lethality; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately * Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception methods that result in a failure rate of \< 1% per year during the treatment period (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 5 months (150 days) after the last dose of atezolizumab, 6 months after the last dose of bevacizumab, and 6 months after the last dose of mFOLFOX6; a woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is not postmenopausal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (\>= 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus); examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \< 1% per year include: bilateral tubal ligation; male partner sterilization; intrauterine devices; the reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical study and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient; periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception; men must refrain from donating sperm during this same period
Exclusion criteria
* Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human antibodies, fluoropyrimidines, folic acid derivatives or oxaliplatin * Uncontrolled high blood pressure defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) \> 150 mmHg or diastolic BP \> 100 mmHg with or without anti-hypertensive medication; patients with initial BP elevations are eligible if initiation or adjustment of BP medication lowers pressure to meet entry criteria * Documented New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure * Serious or non-healing wound, skin ulcer, or bone fracture * History of inherited bleeding diathesis, gastrointestinal (GI) perforation, significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent arterial thrombosis or symptomatic peripheral ischemia, transient ischemic attack \[TIA\], cerebrovascular accident \[CVA\] or arterial thrombotic event), abdominal fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, or active GI bleeding (with cause not addressed) within 6 months prior to randomization, or other medical condition in the opinion of the treating oncologist that makes the risk of cardiovascular or bleeding complications with bevacizumab use unacceptably high * Other malignancies are excluded unless the patient has completed therapy for the malignancy \>= 12 months prior to randomization and is considered disease-free; patients with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the past 12 months: in situ carcinomas or basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin * Known DPD (dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase) deficiency * Symptomatic peripheral sensory neuropathy \>= grade 2 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] version \[v\] 5.0) * Prior treatment with oxaliplatin chemotherapy within 6 months prior to randomization * History of grade 2 hemoptysis (defined as 2.5 mL of bright red blood per episode) within 1 month prior to screening * Prior treatment with anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibody or pathway-targeting agents; patients who have received prior treatment with anti-CTLA-4 may be enrolled provided the following requirements are met: * Minimum of 12 weeks from the first dose of anti-CTLA-4 and \> 6 weeks from the last dose to randomization * No history of severe immune-related adverse effects (CTCAE grade 3 and 4) from anti-CTLA-4 * Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited to, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-tumor necrosis factor \[anti-TNF\] agents) within 14 days prior to randomization; however, * Patients who have received acute, low dose, systemic immunosuppressant medications (e.g., a one-time dose of dexamethasone for nausea; or chronic daily treatment with corticosteroids with a dose of =\< 10 mg/day methylprednisolone equivalent) may be enrolled * The use of inhaled corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone) for patients with orthostatic hypotension or adrenocortical insufficiency is allowed * Known clinically significant liver disease, including active viral, alcoholic, or other hepatitis; cirrhosis; fatty liver; and inherited liver disease; however, * Patients with past or resolved hepatitis B infection (defined as having a negative hepatitis B surface antigen \[HbsAg\] test and a positive anti-HBc \[antibody to hepatitis B core antigen\] antibody test) are eligible if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hepatits B virus (HBV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) is negative per local guidelines * Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV RNA per local guidelines * History or risk of autoimmune disease, including, but not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis; however, * Patients with a history of autoimmune hypothyroidism on a stable dose of thyroid replacement hormone may be eligible * Patients with controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus on a stable insulin regimen may be eligible * Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis would be excluded) are permitted provided that they meet the following conditions: * Patients with psoriasis must have a baseline ophthalmologic exam to rule out ocular manifestations * Rash must cover less than 10% of body surface area (BSA) * Disease is well controlled at baseline and only requiring low potency topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 2.5%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, fluocinolone 0.01%, desonide 0.05%, alclometasone dipropionate 0.05%) * No acute exacerbations of underlying condition within the last 12 months (not requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation \[PUVA\], methotrexate, retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors; high potency or oral steroids) * History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, etc.), or active or recently active (within 90 days of randomization) pneumonitis (including drug induced) that required systemic immunosuppressive therapy (i.e. corticosteroids, etc.). History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted * History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins * Patients with known active tuberculosis (TB) are excluded * Severe infections within 28 days prior to randomization, including but not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe pneumonia * Signs or symptoms of infection within 14 days prior to randomization * Received oral or intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 14 days prior to randomization; patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., for prevention of a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are eligible * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to randomization or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the course of the study * The administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to randomization * Pregnant women are excluded from this study because atezolizumab is an agent with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects; because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with atezolizumab, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with atezolizumab; these potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study; (Note: pregnancy testing should be performed within 28 days prior to randomization according to institutional standards for women of childbearing potential) * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial * Patients with prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or prior solid organ transplantation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression free survival (PFS) | From the time from randomization until first confirmed progression or death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years | The analysis set is intent-to-treat (ITT). The experimental arms will be compared to the control arm by the log-rank test stratified by BRAF status (V600E mutation or not), metastatic disease: (liver-only, extra-hepatic), and prior adjuvant therapy for colon cancer (yes, no). Hazard ratios and associated confidence intervals from a stratified Cox regression model will also be reported along with estimates of the distributions of time to PFS event by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Sensitivity analyses accounting for 2 or more consecutively missed scheduled tumor imaging scans before progression/death will also be conducted. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall survival (OS) | The time from randomization to death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years | Will be analyzed using the stratified log rank test and the ITT population. Kaplan-Meier plots will illustrate the distribution of these endpoints by treatment. Stratified Cox regression models will be used to estimate hazard ratios and associated confidence intervals. |
| Objective response rate (ORR) (complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) | Up to 5 years | Assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Will be analyzed by a logistic regression models that control for the stratification factors (BRAF status, liver involvement, and adjuvant chemotherapy \[chemo\]) using the ITT population. Observed proportions along with confidence intervals will be presented by treatment. |
| Incidence of adverse events | Up to 30 days after last cycle | Defined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. The safety profile will be described by tabulating the maximum observed grade of adverse event for each individual adverse event, for each system organ class, and overall using the Safety population. |
| Rate of PFS | At 12 months | — |
| Duration of overall response (CR or PR) | From the time of first response to first confirmed progression by the study investigator or death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years | Assessed by RECIST 1.1. Will be analyzed using the stratified log rank test and the ITT population. Kaplan-Meier plots will illustrate the distribution of these endpoints by treatment. Stratified Cox regression models will be used to estimate hazard ratios and associated confidence intervals. |
| Disease control rate (CR + PR + stable disease [SD]) | At 12 months | Assessed by RECIST 1.1. Will be analyzed by a logistic regression models that control for the stratification factors (BRAF status, liver involvement, and adjuvant chemo) using the ITT population. Observed proportions along with confidence intervals will be presented by treatment. |
| Duration of SD | From the time of first on-study assessment of SD to first progression by the study investigator or death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years | Assessed per RECIST 1.1. Will be analyzed using the stratified log rank test and the ITT population. Kaplan-Meier plots will illustrate the distribution of these endpoints by treatment. Stratified Cox regression models will be used to estimate hazard ratios and associated confidence intervals. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORCaio Max S Rocha Lima
NRG Oncology
Outcome results
None listed