Arrhythmia, Cardiac, Kidney Cancer, Surgery, Anesthesia, Local
Conditions
Keywords
cardiac arrhythmia, epidural anesthesia, combined anesthesia, general anesthesia, NSS, radical nephrectomy, extraperitoneal
Brief summary
This study evaluates the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during the perioperative period in patients undergoing open kidney cancer surgery in the lateral position. All the participants will be randomly allocated to receive general (Group G) or combined epidural/general anaesthesia (Group G/E). The anaesthetic technique is standardized. The Holter monitor will be applied at the evening before the surgery, tracing continuously for a period of 24 hours (7PM-7PM)
Detailed description
Cardiac arrhythmias are a common complication during and after cardio-thoracic surgery. They are also a major source of morbidity and mortality. After general surgery, they usually do not require clinically significant management but the literature on this topic is obsolete. There is no literature data about their incidence during kidney surgery in the lateral position when the bed is scissored so the legs and head are low. The aim of this study was to define what types of arrhythmias are the most common during kidney cancer surgery, their incidence and whether combining general with epidural anesthesia prevents them. An approval from the Medical University of Warsaw Bioethical Committee has been obtained. Patients need to give written informed consent to participate in the study. It is anticipated that 50 patients with open kidney cancer surgery performed in the lateral position, under general or combined anesthesia will be enrolled. A Holter ECG monitor (3-chanel, leads CM5) will be applied at the evening before the surgery, tracing continuously for a period of 24 hours (7PM-7PM). Patients will be randomly allocated (random permuted blocks within strata) to receive general or combined epidural/general anesthesia. The anesthetic technique is standardized. All the data registered by the Holter ECG monitor will be analyzed and compared with the nursery and anesthesia records.
Interventions
Local anesthetic
DEVICEHolter ECG monitor
3-chanel, CM5 leads
PROCEDUREOpen kidney cancer surgery
Lateral position
PROCEDUREGeneral anesthesia
PROCEDUREEpidural Anaesthesia
Sponsors
Medical University of Warsaw
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Open renal cell carcinoma surgery, lateral position * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical grade I-III * No history of cardiac arrhythmias * Informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy and breast feeding * Contraindications for epidural anesthesia * Laparoscopic or robotic surgery * Suspected difficult intubation (ex. fibroscopic) * Chest deformations * Prior cardiac/thoracic surgery * Cardiac insufficiency * abnormal ECG before the surgery
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | 60 months | The investigator evaluates the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, the type of arrhythmias and whether additional interventions were needed to treat them Arrhythmias observed: tachycardia \>100 bpm bradycardia \< 50 bpm pause (P-P interval \> 2 seconds) ventricular extrasystoles (VE) \> 1000/ 24 hours supraventricular extrasystoles (SVE) \>200/24 hours |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | 60 months | The investigator evaluates the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias depending on anesthesia method by observing the number and type of arrhythmias and whether additional interventions were needed to treat them |
Countries
Poland
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| General Anesthesia (G) General anesthesia Holter ECG monitor: 3-chanel, CM5 leads Open kidney cancer surgery: Lateral position | 24 |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) General anesthesia Epidural anesthesia: Local anesthetic Holter ECG monitor: 3-chanel, CM5 leads Open kidney cancer surgery: Lateral position | 22 |
| Total | 46 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Total | General Anesthesia (G) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 2 Participants | 9 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 20 Participants | 37 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 57 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.04 | 59 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.58 | 61 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 |
| ASA | 2 scores on a scale | 2 scores on a scale | 2 scores on a scale |
| BMI | 30.04 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.01 | 29.29 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.99 | 28.14 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.84 |
| Region of Enrollment Poland | 22 participants | 46 participants | 24 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 10 Participants | 21 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 12 Participants | 25 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Type of Surgery Nefrectomy | 5 Participants | 17 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Type of Surgery NSS | 17 Participants | 29 Participants | 12 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 22 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 22 |
Outcome results
Primary
Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period
The investigator evaluates the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, the type of arrhythmias and whether additional interventions were needed to treat them Arrhythmias observed: tachycardia \>100 bpm bradycardia \< 50 bpm pause (P-P interval \> 2 seconds) ventricular extrasystoles (VE) \> 1000/ 24 hours supraventricular extrasystoles (SVE) \>200/24 hours
Time frame: 60 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia after surgery | observed | 6 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm before surgery | not observed | 18 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm during surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm during surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm after surgery | observed | 5 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm after surgery | not observed | 19 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia before surgery | observed | 3 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia before surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia during surgery | observed | 14 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia during surgery | not observed | 10 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm before surgery | observed | 6 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia after surgery | not observed | 18 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia in the perioperative period | observed | 16 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia in the perioperative period | not observed | 8 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s before surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s before surgery | not observed | 24 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s during surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s during surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s after surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s after surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s in the perioperative period | observed | 2 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s in the perioperative period | not observed | 22 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE before surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE before surgery | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE during surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE during surgery | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE after surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE after surgery | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE in the perioperativ | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE in the perioperativ | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE before surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE before surgery | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE during surgery | observed | 3 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE during surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE after surgery | observed | 3 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE after surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE in the perioperative period | observed | 3 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE in the perioperative period | not observed | 21 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Additional intervention needed | observed | 0 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Additional intervention needed | not observed | 24 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE in the perioperative period | not observed | 19 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm before surgery | observed | 6 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s in the perioperative period | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm before surgery | not observed | 16 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE before surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm during surgery | observed | 5 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s in the perioperative period | not observed | 20 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm during surgery | not observed | 17 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE after surgery | not observed | 20 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm after surgery | observed | 4 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE before surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Tachycardia < 140 bpm after surgery | not observed | 18 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE before surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia before surgery | observed | 3 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE before surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia before surgery | not observed | 19 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Additional intervention needed | not observed | 22 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia during surgery | observed | 10 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE during surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia during surgery | not observed | 12 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE during surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia after surgery | observed | 4 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE during surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia after surgery | not observed | 18 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE in the perioperative period | observed | 3 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia in the perioperative period | observed | 11 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE after surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Bradycardia in the perioperative period | not observed | 11 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE during surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s before surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE after surgery | not observed | 20 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s before surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | Additional intervention needed | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s during surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE in the perioperativ | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s during surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | VE after surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s after surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | SVE in the perioperativ | not observed | 20 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period | pause > 2s after surgery | not observed | 20 Participants |
Comparison: Bradycardia during surgeryp-value: 0.3861Chi-squared
Comparison: No bradycardia observed in the perioperative periodp-value: 0.2591Chi-squared
Secondary
The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed
The investigator evaluates the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias depending on anesthesia method by observing the number and type of arrhythmias and whether additional interventions were needed to treat them
Time frame: 60 months
Population: arrhythmias analysed: bradycardia, pause \> 2s, supraventricular extrasystoles, ventricular extrasystoles; corrected QT interval (QTc)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia before surgery | observed | 3 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia before surgery | not observed | 21 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia during surgery | observed | 16 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia during surgery | not observed | 8 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia after surgery | observed | 8 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia after surgery | not observed | 16 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s before surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s before surgery | not observed | 24 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s during surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s during surgery | not observed | 24 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s after surgery | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s after surgery | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s in the perioperative time | observed | 1 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s in the perioperative time | not observed | 23 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | Additional intervention needed | observed | 0 Participants |
| General Anesthesia (G) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | Additional intervention needed | not observed | 24 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | Additional intervention needed | not observed | 22 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia before surgery | observed | 4 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s during surgery | observed | 2 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia before surgery | not observed | 18 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s in the perioperative time | observed | 8 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia during surgery | observed | 12 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s during surgery | not observed | 20 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia during surgery | not observed | 10 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | Additional intervention needed | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia after surgery | observed | 6 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s after surgery | observed | 6 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | arrhythmia after surgery | not observed | 16 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s in the perioperative time | not observed | 14 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s before surgery | observed | 0 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s after surgery | not observed | 16 Participants |
| Combined General/Epidural (G/E) | The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed | QTc long > 0.45s before surgery | not observed | 22 Participants |
Comparison: arrhythmia after surgeryp-value: 0.6544Chi-squared
Comparison: Arrhythmia before surgeryp-value: 0.597Chi-squared
Comparison: arrhythmia during surgeryp-value: 0.4Chi-squared
Comparison: long QTc \> 0.45s after surgeryp-value: 0.077Chi-squared
Comparison: long QTc \> 0.24 s in the perioperative timep-value: 0.0174Chi-squared