Adenocarcinoma, Prostate, Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a multi-center, first-in-human, open-label, Phase 1/2A dose-escalation study in which eligible patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC) will receive oral doses of TRC253. The study will be conducted in 2 parts: part 1 (dose escalation) and part 2 (dose expansion).
Detailed description
The patient population consists of men ≥18 years of age with adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease. Patients who have not undergone orchiectomy must have serum testosterone levels \<50 ng/dL determined within 4 weeks prior to start of study drug, and, if applicable, must have discontinued treatment with first or second generation anti-androgens as specified in the inclusion criteria. During Part 1 of the study, patients will be assigned sequentially to increasing TRC253 doses. The starting dose of TRC253 is 40 mg once daily, orally. TRC253 doses will be escalated in subsequent cohorts after all patients enrolled in a given cohort have completed the 28-day dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period. Dose escalation in Part 1 will follow single-patient dose escalation design until drug-related toxicity occurs. When an initial drug-related toxicity occurs or DLT in a single patient the cohort will be expanded according to 3+3 design rules. Subsequent dose levels will enroll patients based on 3+3 design. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or minimum efficacious dose (MED), up to twelve patients may be enrolled. Part 2 will consist of two cohorts of initially up to 30 patients (Cohort 1) and up to 30 patients (Cohort 2) to receive TRC253 at the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). The objective of Part 2 is to gather additional information on the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics, and the clinical efficacy of TRC253 in a pre-defined population of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Patients enrolled into Part 2 will have received prior treatment with enzalutamide or apalutamide and showed characteristics of acquired resistance based on changes in PSA serum levels. Patients will be centrally screened for the presence of the AR F876L (androgen receptor F876L) mutation from a plasma sample and enrolled into Cohort 1 (AR F876L positive) or Cohort 2 (AR F876L negative). Cohort 2 may be expanded if a specific molecular mechanism sensitizing the mCRPC to TRC253 therapy can be identified retrospectively. Additional patients may be prospectively selected for this specific molecular resistance mechanism and added to Cohort 2 upon recommendation by the medical monitor and Principal Investigators.
Interventions
DRUGTRC253
TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.
Sponsors
Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Belgium
Tracon Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Must have received at least 2 prior therapies approved for CRPC; including a prior AR inhibitor (e.g., enzalutamide or apalutamide). (Part 1 only) 2. Must have received enzalutamide or apalutamide. (Note: additional therapies approved for CRPC prior to enzalutamide or apalutamide are allowed.) (Part 2 only) 3. Must have shown clinical characteristics of acquired resistance to enzalutamide or apalutamide defined as: decline in serum PSA ≥50% compared to baseline serum levels by week 12 (±4 weeks) of enzalutamide or apalutamide treatment and before disease progression by PCWG3 PSA criteria, OR disease progression by PCWG3 radiographic criteria. (Part 2 only) Parts 1 and 2: 4. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease. 5. Male ≥18 years of age. 6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. 7. Prior orchiectomy or serum testosterone levels \<50 ng/dL determined within 4 weeks prior to start of study drug. 8. Adequate baseline organ function. 9. Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration). Note: patients who have not undergone orchiectomy must continue GnRH analog therapy for the duration of this protocol. 10. For patients previously treated with first generation anti-androgens (i.e., flutamide, nilutamide, or bicalutamide), discontinuation of flutamide or nilutamide therapy must occur \>4 weeks (\>6 weeks for bicalutamide) prior to start of study drug with no evidence of an anti-androgen withdrawal response (i.e., no decline in serum PSA). 11. For patients previously treated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or treatment with an investigational anticancer agent, discontinuation must have occurred ≥2 weeks, or after at least 4 half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to study drug administration. For enzalutamide and apalutamide, the washout period will be at least 3 weeks prior to start of study drug with no evidence of an anti-androgen withdrawal response (i.e., no decline in serum PSA). 12. For patients previously treated with other agents approved for the treatment of prostate cancer (5-α reductase inhibitors, estrogens, others), discontinuation of therapy must have occurred ≥4 weeks prior to start of study drug. 13. Palliative radiotherapy (to bone or soft tissue lesions) must be completed \>2 weeks prior to start of study drug. 14. For patients receiving bone-loss prevention treatment (e.g., bisphosphonates or denosumab), the patient must be on stable dose ≥4 weeks prior to start of study drug. 15. A man who is sexually active with a woman of childbearing potential must agree to use a barrier method of birth control during the study and for 4 weeks after receiving the last dose of study drug. All men must also not donate sperm during the study and for 90 days after receiving the last dose of study drug. 16. Patient must be willing and able to adhere to the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol. 17. Each patient must sign an informed consent form (ICF) indicating that he understands the purpose of and procedures required for the study and is willing to participate in the study. Consent is to be obtained prior to the initiation of any study-related tests or procedures that are not part of standard-of-care for the patient's disease.
Exclusion criteria
1. History of seizures. 2. Previously documented or current brain metastases. 3. Untreated spinal cord compression. 4. Positive test result for human immunodeficiency virus. 5. History of clinically significant cardiovascular disease including. 6. Active or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C as demonstrated by hepatitis B surface antigen positivity and/or anti- hepatitis C virus positivity, respectively. Patients with clinically active or chronic liver disease, including liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh class C, are also excluded. 7. Second primary malignancy that has not been in remission for greater than 3 years. Exceptions that do not require a 3 year remission include: related non-melanoma skin cancer or resected melanoma in situ. 8. Any serious underlying medical or psychiatric condition (e.g., alcohol or drug abuse), dementia or altered mental status or any issue that would impair the ability of the patient to receive or tolerate the planned treatment, to understand informed consent or that in the opinion of the investigator would contraindicate the patient's participation in the study or that would confound the results of the study. 9. Evidence of active viral, bacterial, or systemic fungal infection requiring systemic treatment within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Patients requiring any systemic antiviral, antifungal, or antibacterial therapy for active infection must have completed treatment no less than 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. 10. Known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to TRC253 or its excipients. 11. Enrollment in another interventional study. 12. Major surgery (e.g., requiring general anesthesia) within 3 weeks before screening, or has not fully recovered from prior surgery (i.e., unhealed wound), or surgery planned during the time the patient is expected to participate in the study. Note: patients with planned surgical procedures to be conducted under local anesthesia may participate. 13. Plan to father a child while enrolled in this study or within 90 days after the last dose of study drug.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 5 weeks | The trial began with single patient dose escalation rules. If 1 of 1 patients at a given dose experienced a DLT, the study transitioned to a 3+3 design. If 1 of 3 patients experienced a DLT, the dose level was expanded to 6 patients. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) would have been exceeded if ≥ 33% of patients experience DLT at a given dose level. DLT occurred when a patient had 1 or more toxicities outlined in the protocol that was considered at least possibly related to TRC253 during the first 5 weeks of study participation in the trial. In addition, any dose level could be expanded to further explore PK (the target PK concentration associated with activity in preclinical models was 335 ng/mL). The number of DLTs by dose cohort have been presented. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 12 weeks | Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response according to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) criteria is defined as at least a 50% decrease in PSA from baseline confirmed at least 4 weeks later |
| Maximum Change in QTcF | 18 months | Maximum change in QTcF from baseline by dose level |
| Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy | 4 Weeks | To confirm the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), patients at select dose levels will undergo positron emission tomography scan (PET) scans using fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT), a radiopharmaceutical specifically designed to image binding to androgen receptor (AR). Imaging occurred at one center under their existing investigational new drug application (IND) and institutional protocol. A negative change from baseline in the standard uptake value indicate a decrease in metabolic activity of the tumor and indicate increased receptor occupancy of TRC253. |
| Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 18 months | Preliminary anti-tumor effects of TRC253 as assessed by median time to progression by Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) criteria by dose level |
| Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 28 days | Determine the number of patients who achieved the target concentration of TRC253 at steady state (target efficacy concentration of 335 ng/mL based on preclinical models). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 1 |
| 80 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 1 |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 2 |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 7 |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 51 |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily Single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily. | 10 |
| Total | 72 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 160 mg TRC253/Daily | 40 mg TRC253/Daily | 240 mg TRC253/Daily | 80 mg TRC253/Daily | 280 mg TRC253/Daily | 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 39 Participants | 5 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 12 Participants | 5 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 78 Years | 80 Years | 68 Years | 65 Years | 73 Years | 67 Years | 72 Years |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity Other (Patient declined to answer) | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race/Ethnicity White | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 1 Participants | 42 Participants | 6 Participants | 57 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 2 participants | 1 participants | 7 participants | 1 participants | 51 participants | 10 participants | 72 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 7 Participants | 1 Participants | 51 Participants | 10 Participants | 72 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 7 | 1 / 51 | 0 / 10 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 | 2 / 2 | 7 / 7 | 48 / 51 | 10 / 10 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 1 | 1 / 1 | 1 / 2 | 2 / 7 | 13 / 51 | 3 / 10 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level
The trial began with single patient dose escalation rules. If 1 of 1 patients at a given dose experienced a DLT, the study transitioned to a 3+3 design. If 1 of 3 patients experienced a DLT, the dose level was expanded to 6 patients. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) would have been exceeded if ≥ 33% of patients experience DLT at a given dose level. DLT occurred when a patient had 1 or more toxicities outlined in the protocol that was considered at least possibly related to TRC253 during the first 5 weeks of study participation in the trial. In addition, any dose level could be expanded to further explore PK (the target PK concentration associated with activity in preclinical models was 335 ng/mL). The number of DLTs by dose cohort have been presented.
Time frame: 5 weeks
Population: All patients who received at least a portion of a dose of TRC253 are included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 0 Participants |
| 80 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 0 Participants |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 0 Participants |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 0 Participants |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 0 Participants |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level | 1 Participants |
Comparison: Determination of the maximum tolerated dose.
Secondary
Maximum Change in QTcF
Maximum change in QTcF from baseline by dose level
Time frame: 18 months
Population: Patients who received at least a portion of a dose of TRC253 with a baseline ECG and at least 1 on study ECG.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily | Maximum Change in QTcF | 9 msec |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Maximum Change in QTcF | 22 msec |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Maximum Change in QTcF | 44.62 msec |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Maximum Change in QTcF | 37.56 msec |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Maximum Change in QTcF | 42.63 msec |
Secondary
Median Time to Progression by Dose Level
Preliminary anti-tumor effects of TRC253 as assessed by median time to progression by Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) criteria by dose level
Time frame: 18 months
Population: In order to be eligible for efficacy analysis patients must have had a baseline CT scan and at least 1 on study CT scan.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 8.7 months |
| 80 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 9.5 months |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 4.8 months |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 3.75 months |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 4.64 months |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Median Time to Progression by Dose Level | 12.20 months |
Secondary
Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response according to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) criteria is defined as at least a 50% decrease in PSA from baseline confirmed at least 4 weeks later
Time frame: 12 weeks
Population: Patients with a baseline PSA and at least 1 on study PSA that were confirmed at least 4 weeks later.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 0 Participants |
| 80 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 0 Participants |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 1 Participants |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 0 Participants |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 3 Participants |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State
Determine the number of patients who achieved the target concentration of TRC253 at steady state (target efficacy concentration of 335 ng/mL based on preclinical models).
Time frame: 28 days
Population: Patients who received at least 75% of planned continuous daily dosing after 28 days of daily dosing enrolled in part 1 of the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| 40 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 0 Participants |
| 80 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 0 Participants |
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 0 Participants |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 4 Participants |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 4 Participants |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State | 5 Participants |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy
To confirm the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), patients at select dose levels will undergo positron emission tomography scan (PET) scans using fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT), a radiopharmaceutical specifically designed to image binding to androgen receptor (AR). Imaging occurred at one center under their existing investigational new drug application (IND) and institutional protocol. A negative change from baseline in the standard uptake value indicate a decrease in metabolic activity of the tumor and indicate increased receptor occupancy of TRC253.
Time frame: 4 Weeks
Population: TRC253 4 week FDHT-PET response mean SUV based on the 5 hottest lesions (uncorrected)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 160 mg TRC253/Daily | Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy | -34.1 Percent Change from Baseline |
| 240 mg TRC253/Daily | Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy | -2.81 Percent Change from Baseline |
| 280 mg TRC253/Daily | Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy | 27.78 Percent Change from Baseline |
| 320 mg TRC253/Daily | Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy | -45.88 Percent Change from Baseline |