Alpha; Thalassemia, Alpha Thalassemia Major, A-Thalassemia, Fetal Anemia, Fetal Hydrops, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemoglobinopathy; with Thalassemia, Thalassemia Alpha, Thalassemia Major
Conditions
Keywords
intrauterine transfusion, in utero human stem cell transplantation
Brief summary
The investigators aims to evaluate the safety of in utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in fetuses with alpha-thalassemia major performed at the time of in utero transfusion of red blood cells.
Detailed description
Alpha thalassemia major (ATM) is almost universally fatal in utero and represents an orphan disease with an unmet need for effective therapies. The only current treatment to allow the fetus to be born is to perform in utero transfusions (IUT) of red blood cells to treat the anemia and avoid the complications of hydrops and fetal demise. Often, affected pregnancies undergo elective termination after diagnosis. Cases with prenatal diagnosis of ATM who receive IUT and survive to birth will ultimately require lifelong monthly blood transfusions or bone marrow transplant, if a suitable donor is identified. This is a phase 1 clinical trial to demonstrate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of performing in utero stem cell transplantation on fetuses affected with ATM. The investigators aim to recruit ten participants with a prenatal diagnosis of ATM. Participants will undergo bone marrow harvest and an in utero transfusion combined with maternal stem cells. Transplanting maternal cells into the fetus takes advantage of existing maternal-fetal tolerance during pregnancy. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation into the fetus takes advantage of the developing fetal immune system to induce tolerance to the transplanted cells without using conditioning or immunosuppression. Performing stem cell transplantation at the same time as IUT minimizes any additional procedural risk to the fetus. The investigators hope to demonstrate that it is safe and feasible to perform in utero stem cell transplantation. Additionally, the investigators want to demonstrate postnatal chimerism of maternal cells so that, if a bone marrow transplant remains necessary after delivery, conditioning and immune suppression will not be required.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALin utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
This is a phase 1 safety study to demonstrate it is safe for both the mother and fetus to perform In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of maternal derived stem cells at the time of intrauterine transplantation of red blood cells to treat fetuses affected with alpha-thalassemia major.
Sponsors
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)
University of California, San Francisco
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Weeks to 26 Weeks
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male or female fetuses from 18 weeks and 0/7 days to 26 weeks 0/7 days gestation with a diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia major by chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, cordocentesis or by identification of parents as genetic carriers, and identification of fetal anemia or signs of impending hydrops, for whom parents elect to pursue in utero transfusion, and are willing to undergo subsequent IUT for the remainder of gestation. * parents must consent to fetal autopsy in the event of a fetal demise * adequate bone marrow harvest from maternal participant is a condition for inclusion
Exclusion criteria
* Fetal Subject
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal participant tolerance of bone marrow harvest | 5 year recruitment phase to include time of bone marrow harvest through 30 days after delivery | Maternal participant tolerance of bone marrow harvest defined as not requiring interventions for preterm labor, bleeding, infection or prolonged hospitalization. |
| Safety of in utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation when performed at the same time as in utero blood transfusion for the fetal participant | 5 year recruitment plus 1 year data collection phase to include time of IUHCT through 1 year after delivery | safety for fetal participant defined by survival 24 hours after procedure, fetal survival till birth, neonatal survival through discharge of hospitalization and no evidence of graft versus host disease |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adequate bone marrow harvest from the maternal participant | 5 year recruitment phase | This is defined as approximately 200-300 cc of bone marrow from which 10\^7-10\^9 CD34+ cells/kg fetal weight with 10\^5-10\^7 CD3+ cells/kg fetal weight will be isolated. |
| successful engraftment | 5 year recruitment plus data collection phase to include time of IUHCT through 1 year after delivery | The primary efficacy endpoint is successful engraftment of maternal bone marrow- derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells measured by establishment of maternal participant donor cell chimerism equal to or greater than 1% donor cells in the circulation of the fetal recipient. Chimerism will be determined in cord blood at birth, or at a corrected gestational age of 40 weeks, if there is preterm delivery, followed weekly for the first 4 weeks of life, and monthly for one year in the infant to monitor the stability of engraftment. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed