Neuropathic Pain
Conditions
Keywords
neuropathic pain, TMS, nerve injury, transcutaneous magnetic stimulation
Brief summary
The proposed study will set the foundation for future multi-center studies. To validate tMS as a non-contact and non-invasive pain treatment option for reducing pain in Veterans with PTP-NP and improving their overall functions.
Detailed description
This study will only be conducted at the VA hospital in San Diego.
Interventions
DEVICEActive Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation
Active transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TMS) at the target site of nerve damage/injury.
DEVICESham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation
Sham TMS will consist of the same parameters as active, however, the subject will be shielded from the magnetic field of the coil.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study * Subject is willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, daily pain, sleep and all study related assessments and procedures * Subjects must be literate in the language used in the assessments and pain diary * Veterans (men or women) of any race or ethnicity who are at least 18 years of age * Female subjects of childbearing potential must agree to use a highly effective method of contraception throughout the study and for at least 7 days after the last session of the assigned treatment * A subject is of childbearing potential if, in the opinion of the investigator, he/she is biologically capable of having children and is sexually active * Subject must have chronic peripheral neuropathic pain present for more than 4 months after a traumatic or surgical event per medical history, this may include, for example: * motor vehicle accident * fall * sports injury * knee or hip replacement * hernia repair * thoracotomy * mastectomy * focal/localized burns or crush injury * In addition, to be eligible for inclusion in the study, all subjects must: * have an average daily Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score \>3 during B1; and * have a spontaneous pain intensity \>30 on 0-100 Mechanical Visual Analogue Scale (M-VAS) to be eligible for randomization * Must have their implicated peripheral nerve(s) identified * Must meet criteria for neuropathic pain assessment to meet eligibility for the study \[46\]. Pain distribution across a nerve territory and history indicates relevant lesion or disease plus criteria listed in a and/or b * (A): At least one negative or positive sensory sign or symptom confined to innervation territory of the lesioned nervous structure. Examples of negative or positive signs or symptoms include: * Burning, stabbing or tingling sensation/pain * Numbness/paresthesia * Cold, heat or pressure * Hyperalgesia or allodynia * Hypoesthesia * Increased or decreased sharp sensation (e.g., pinprick testing) * Decreased vibration/vibratory sensation * (B): Prior diagnostic tests confirming lesion or disease explaining neuropathic pain (Nerve conduction studies, EMG, skin or nerve biopsy). Documentation of affected nerve(s) indicating that the subject's pain is of neuropathic origin and is a result of injury/trauma to the affected/implicated nerve(s).
Exclusion criteria
Subjects presenting with ANY of the following will NOT be included in the study: * Subjects with neuropathic pain due to: * diabetic peripheral neuropathy * post herpetic neuralgia * Human Immunodeficiency Virus * chemo/anti-viral therapy * trigeminal neuralgia * carpal tunnel syndrome * subjects whose post-traumatic neuropathic pain is categorized as central (e.g., spinal cord injury) rather than peripheral * Subjects with pain due to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS, Type I or Type II) * Phantom limb pain after amputation. However, subjects with stump pain and phantom sensation but no phantom pain will not be excluded * Subjects with skin conditions in the affected dermatome that in the judgment of the investigator can interfere with evaluation of the neuropathic pain condition * Subjects with other pain such as lumbar or cervical radiculopathy that may confound assessment or self-evaluation of the peripheral neuropathic pain * subjects with significant somatic pain at the site of their trauma that may confound assessment or self-evaluation of their neuropathic pain * Any subject considered at risk of suicide or self-harm based on investigator judgment and/or the details of a risk assessment * Use of prohibited medications in the absence of appropriate washout periods * Participation in any other clinical trial within the 30 days prior to screening and/or during participation in this study * Subjects with a history of a cardiac arrhythmia that has led to the placement of a cardiac pacer or defibrillator will be excluded from the study * Pregnant females and females of childbearing potential not using highly effective contraception or not agreeing to continue highly effective contraception during the study * Subjects with a current diagnosis of DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorder, including, for example: * schizophrenia * bipolar disorder * other psychotic disorders such as schizoaffective disorder and delusion disorder * somatoform disorders or factitious disorders * bipolar disorders, even if controlled or stable * alcohol or substance related disorders in the past 2 years * however, diagnoses of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or major depression (MDD) that is clinically stable are allowed * Subjects with pending Worker's Compensation, Worker's Compensation, civil litigation or disability claims pertinent to the subject based upon trauma * current involvement in out-of-court settlements for claims pertinent to subject's trauma * subjects with fully resolved litigation and compensation claims can participate * Subjects who have previously received either transcranial or transcutaneous magnetic stimulation therapy in the past
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit. | Spontaneous pain rating: Spontaneous pain level will be measured by using a sliding algometer, known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit. | Stroking evoked pain will be assessed by gently moving a paintbrush over the site of PTNP. The patients will be asked if pain is felt. If so, the intensity of pain will be rated on a scale known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported. |
| Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit. | Punctate evoked pain will be conducted by gently pressing a 5.18 von Frey monofilament against the site of PTNP. The patients will be asked if pain is felt. If so, the intensity of pain will be rated on a scale known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited from October 2016 to June 2018 at the VA San Diego Medical Center.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation Active transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (tMS) at the target site of nerve damage/injury.
Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation: Active transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (tMS) at the target site of nerve damage/injury. | 28 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation Sham tMS will consist of the same parameters as active, however, the subject will be shielded from the magnetic field of the coil.
Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation: Sham tMS will consist of the same parameters as active, however, the subject will be shielded from the magnetic field of the coil. | 23 |
| Total | 51 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Total | Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 54.11 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.02 | 52.61 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.68 | 50.78 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.04 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 4 Participants | 11 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 24 Participants | 40 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 5 Participants | 9 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 19 Participants | 33 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 28 Participants | 51 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 25 Participants | 45 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Spontaneous Pain Score | 53.52 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.01 | 50.44 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.69 | 49.13 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.61 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 28 | 0 / 23 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 28 | 0 / 23 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 28 | 0 / 23 |
Outcome results
Primary
Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores
Spontaneous pain rating: Spontaneous pain level will be measured by using a sliding algometer, known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported.
Time frame: Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | Baseline | 53.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.01 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | 1 week post treatment | 41.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.09 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | 4 weeks post treatment | 38.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.16 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | Baseline | 49.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.61 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | 1 week post treatment | 46.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.54 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Spontaneous Pain Scores | 4 weeks post treatment | 37.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.01 |
p-value: 0.246Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking
Stroking evoked pain will be assessed by gently moving a paintbrush over the site of PTNP. The patients will be asked if pain is felt. If so, the intensity of pain will be rated on a scale known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported.
Time frame: Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | Baseline | 33.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 31.07 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | 1 week post treatment | 30.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.78 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | 4 weeks post treatment | 26.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.9 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | Baseline | 24.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.59 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | 1 week post treatment | 20.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.1 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Stroking | 4 weeks post treatment | 21.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.21 |
p-value: 0.651Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey
Punctate evoked pain will be conducted by gently pressing a 5.18 von Frey monofilament against the site of PTNP. The patients will be asked if pain is felt. If so, the intensity of pain will be rated on a scale known as the Mechanical Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The device has been well validated, and is anchored at the left by no pain sensation and at the right by the most intense pain sensation imaginable. The corresponding length of the red bar with a scale from 0 to 100, which can be read on the back by the tester, represents the subject's intensity of pain. 0 represents no pain sensation and 100 represents the most intense pain sensation imaginable. A lower value indicates a better outcome with lower levels of pain reported.
Time frame: Assessed during each of the subject's baseline visit, 1 week post treatment visit, and 4 weeks post treatment visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | Baseline | 53.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 27.04 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | 1 week post treatment | 46.89 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.98 |
| Active Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | 4 weeks post treatment | 49.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.72 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | Baseline | 43.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.84 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | 1 week post treatment | 36.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.22 |
| Sham Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation | Evaluation of Evoked Pain Scores: Von Frey | 4 weeks post treatment | 38.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.08 |
p-value: 0.902Mixed Models Analysis