Cancer of the Pancreas, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Pancreas Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
In light of this new technology and preliminary findings of low toxicity of online, adaptive, magnetic resonance (M)-guided stereotactic radiation on a single arm prospective study, the investigators propose to compare this technique to online MR-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) without adaptation. Online plan adaptation increases treatment times for patients and comprises an increased burden on technical and clinical staff. Although preliminary trial results are encouraging, it remains unclear if the dosimetric benefits of online-adaptive planning studies will translate to measurable improvements in clinical outcomes that merit its routine use. In our preliminary study, plan adaptation was most often required when tumors were adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract (the esophagus to the sigmoid colon), as those structures were most commonly the dose-limiting structures and were noted to change in location on a day-to-day basis. For these reasons, abdominal disease sites have historically highlighted the limitations of SBRT. Specifically, the investigators will enroll patients with oligometastatic or unresectable primary disease of the non-liver abdomen to a randomized, prospective trial. Patients will be randomized to one of two treatment arms, in which they will receive either online-adaptive, MRI-guided SBRT or non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT. Both patient groups will undergo MRI simulation and MRI treatment localization with online MR monitoring and/or gating. All patients will be treated in five fractions over one to two weeks. By adhering to strict normal tissue constraints, the investigators expect toxicity to be within the current standard of care for the non-adaptive arm, with reduction in toxicity in the arm of patients who undergo adaptation based on daily anatomic changes.
Interventions
DEVICEOnline, adaptive MR-guided SBRT
Patients randomized to the online-adaptive treatment planning arm will have all tumor volumes and critical structures within 3 axial slices of the PTV re-contoured on the MR-localization image of the day. The estimated delivered dose should be calculated using the software on the console. An adapted radiation therapy plan should be generated
DEVICEOnline, non-adaptive MR-guided SBRT
Patients will not have online-adaptive treatment planning
OTHEREuropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-30
* 30 questions * 28 questions about various health issues with answers ranging from 1=Not At All to 4 = Very Much * 1 question asking about overall health with answers ranging from 1=very poor to 7 excellent * 1 question asking about overall quality of life with answers ranging from 1=very poor to 7=excellent
Sponsors
Washington University School of Medicine
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Oligometastatic disease or unresectable primary abdominal malignancy with biopsy-proven primary disease histology of solid tumor categorization. Patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma do not require a biopsy. * No more than three progressive sites of disease, with at least one of the disease sites to be deemed suitable for treatment with MRI-guided, online adaptive SBRT to the non-liver abdomen as per radiation oncology evaluation. * Must be treated per protocol to lesion(s) of a single abdominal site that can reasonably be encompassed within a single treatment field. Treatment of additional site(s) outside of the abdomen while the patient is on trial is acceptable. * The treated lesion must be within 2 cm of the abdominal gastrointestinal tract (abdominal esophagus to sigmoid colon) on the basis of cross sectional imaging study such as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, or MRI. * Must be deemed medically fit for SBRT by the treating physician. * At least 18 years of age. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * Must have completed any systemic therapy at least one week prior to planned start of SBRT (two weeks preferred), and must have no plans to initiate systemic therapy for at least one week following end of SBRT (two weeks preferred). * Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control, abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she must inform her treating physician immediately. * Able to understand and willing to sign an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved, written informed consent document (or that of legally authorized representative, if applicable).
Exclusion criteria
* Primary disease of hematologic origin, lymphoma, or small cell cancer. * Past history of external beam radiotherapy within the projected treatment field of any of the disease sites to be treated by MRI-guided, online adaptive SBRT. * Currently receiving any other investigational agents. * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, or cardiac arrhythmia. * Pregnant and/or breastfeeding. Patient must have a negative pregnancy test within 14 days of study entry. * Medical contraindication to undergoing MR imaging.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Grade 3 or Greater Toxicity Occurring in Patients Receiving Online, Adaptive, MRI-guided SBRT to the Abdomen and in Patients Receiving Non-adaptive SBRT | Up through 6 months post-treatment (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks) | * The descriptions and grading scales found in the revised NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 will be utilized for all toxicity reporting. * Grade 3 or higher toxicities that did not predate SBRT and are probably or definitely attributable to treatment * Please note that the following statistical analysis was not performed due to small sample size: Statistical analysis will be powered to detect a reduction of toxicity from 35% Grade 3 or greater toxicity to 10% Grade 3 or greater toxicity using online-adaptive therapy. Statistical analysis will be one-sided test for independent proportions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate | At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)-up | * PFS rate - the number of participants who have not progressed and/or died at the six-month follow-up * Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology |
| Disease Free Survival Rate | At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks) | * Disease free survival rate = the number of participants who are disease free (without any signs or symptoms of cancer) at the six-month follow-up * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology. |
| Tumor Response Rate | At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks) | * Tumor response rate = rate of participants who have complete or partial response at the six month follow-up * Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of the target lesion. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. * Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the (sum of the) diameter of the target lesion(s), taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. |
| Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | Pre-treatment, six-weeks post treatment, and six months post-treatment | * Utilize both paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA to analyze QOL data (this was unable to be performed due to the small sample size) * The question asked the participant how would you rate your quality of life during the past week? * The scale ranges from 1=very poor to 7 = excellent. The higher the score the better the quality of life. |
| Number of Participants With Local Failure | At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks) | — |
| Overall Survival (OS) Rate | At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks) | * Overall survival rate - number of participants alive at the six-month follow-up * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study opened to participant enrollment on 01/19/2017 and closed to participant enrollment on 08/13/2018.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT * All patients will be initially planned for stereotactic body radiation therapy to a minimum dose of 50Gy in five fractions to the planning target volume (PTV)
* Radiotherapy will consist of stereotactic body therapy, to be given over five fractions, delivered once daily or once every other day for a period of one to two weeks, for a total of five treatments
* All patients will undergo both CT and MRI simulation in positioning appropriate for the specific treatment site
* Quality of life questionnaire baseline, 6 weeks after treatment conclusion, and 6 months after treatment conclusion | 2 |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT * All patients will be initially planned for stereotactic body radiation therapy to a minimum dose of 50Gy in five fractions to the planning target volume (PTV)
* Radiotherapy will consist of stereotactic body therapy, to be given over five fractions, delivered once daily or once every other day for a period of one to two weeks, for a total of five treatments
* All patients will undergo both CT and MRI simulation in positioning appropriate for the specific treatment site
* When patients present for their first SBRT treatment session, the treating physician will evaluate their individual anatomy to determine if adaptive planning is indicated. Patients randomized to the online-adaptive treatment planning arm will have all tumor volumes and critical structures within 3 axial slices of the PTV re-contoured on the MR-localization image of the day
* Quality of life questionnaire baseline, 6 weeks after treatment conclusion, and 6 months after treatment conclusion | 3 |
| Total | 5 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Total | Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 68.5 years | 75 years | 85 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 1 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 2 | 0 / 3 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 2 | 1 / 3 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 2 | 1 / 3 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Grade 3 or Greater Toxicity Occurring in Patients Receiving Online, Adaptive, MRI-guided SBRT to the Abdomen and in Patients Receiving Non-adaptive SBRT
* The descriptions and grading scales found in the revised NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 will be utilized for all toxicity reporting. * Grade 3 or higher toxicities that did not predate SBRT and are probably or definitely attributable to treatment * Please note that the following statistical analysis was not performed due to small sample size: Statistical analysis will be powered to detect a reduction of toxicity from 35% Grade 3 or greater toxicity to 10% Grade 3 or greater toxicity using online-adaptive therapy. Statistical analysis will be one-sided test for independent proportions.
Time frame: Up through 6 months post-treatment (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Number of Grade 3 or Greater Toxicity Occurring in Patients Receiving Online, Adaptive, MRI-guided SBRT to the Abdomen and in Patients Receiving Non-adaptive SBRT | 0 adverse event |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Number of Grade 3 or Greater Toxicity Occurring in Patients Receiving Online, Adaptive, MRI-guided SBRT to the Abdomen and in Patients Receiving Non-adaptive SBRT | 1 adverse event |
Secondary
Disease Free Survival Rate
* Disease free survival rate = the number of participants who are disease free (without any signs or symptoms of cancer) at the six-month follow-up * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology.
Time frame: At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Disease Free Survival Rate | 0 Participants |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Disease Free Survival Rate | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Local Failure
Time frame: At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Number of Participants With Local Failure | 0 Participants |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Number of Participants With Local Failure | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS) Rate
* Overall survival rate - number of participants alive at the six-month follow-up * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology.
Time frame: At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 2 Participants |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life
* Utilize both paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA to analyze QOL data (this was unable to be performed due to the small sample size) * The question asked the participant how would you rate your quality of life during the past week? * The scale ranges from 1=very poor to 7 = excellent. The higher the score the better the quality of life.
Time frame: Pre-treatment, six-weeks post treatment, and six months post-treatment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | 6-weeks post treatment | 6 score on a scale |
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | 6 months post treatment | 6 score on a scale |
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | Pre-treatment | 5 score on a scale |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | 6-weeks post treatment | 4 score on a scale |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | Pre-treatment | 5 score on a scale |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Patient Reported Overall Quality of Life During the Past Week as Measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life | 6 months post treatment | 3 score on a scale |
Secondary
Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate
* PFS rate - the number of participants who have not progressed and/or died at the six-month follow-up * Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. * Please note that the planned statistical analysis wasn't able to be performed due to small sample size: Utilizing Kaplan-Meier methodology
Time frame: At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)-up
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate | 2 Participants |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Tumor Response Rate
* Tumor response rate = rate of participants who have complete or partial response at the six month follow-up * Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of the target lesion. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. * Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the (sum of the) diameter of the target lesion(s), taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.
Time frame: At six month follow-up (approximately 6 months and 2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Online Non-adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Tumor Response Rate | 2 Participants |
| Arm B: Online-Adaptive MRI-guided SBRT | Tumor Response Rate | 0 Participants |