Anemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase II trial studies how well deferasirox works in treating patients with very low, low, or intermediate-risk anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome that depends on red blood cell transfusions. Deferasirox may treat too much iron in the blood caused by blood transfusions.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the activity of iron chelation therapy (ICT) with deferasirox, in patients with anemia due to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Reduction in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements. II. Hematologic improvement. III. Change in serum ferritin levels from baseline to the end of the study as measured on a monthly basis. IV. Safety and tolerability of deferasirox. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. Blood and marrow samples will be taken to study erythropoiesis and the impact of iron overload on erythropoiesis. OUTLINE: Patients receive deferasirox orally (PO) once daily (QD). Treatment continues for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 30 days.
Interventions
DRUGDeferasirox
Given PO
OTHERLaboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Capable of giving written informed consent prior to any study-specific procedures * Diagnosis of MDS as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria * Have very low, low or intermediate-risk disease by the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) * Baseline serum ferritin level \>= 100 ng/mL * Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2 * Anemia defined as: hemoglobin =\< 10.0 g/dL * Bilirubin =\< 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3.5 times ULN * Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x ULN * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \> 40 mL/min * Males and females with reproductive potential must agree to use medically approved contraceptive precautions during the study and for 3 months following the last dose of deferasirox * Women of child-bearing potential, defined as all women physiologically capable of becoming pregnant, unless they are using effective methods of contraception during dosing of study treatment; effective contraception methods include: * Placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS) * Barrier methods of contraception: condom or occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/vaginal suppository * Total abstinence or (when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject); periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception * Female sterilization (have had surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least six weeks before taking study treatment; in case of oophorectomy alone, only when the reproductive status of the woman has been confirmed by follow up hormone level assessment * Male sterilization (at least 6 months prior to screening); for female subjects on the study, the vasectomized male partner should be the sole partner for that subject * Women are considered post-menopausal and not of child bearing potential if they have had 12 months of natural (spontaneous) amenorrhea with an appropriate clinical profile (e.g. age appropriate, history of vasomotor symptoms) or have had surgical bilateral oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least six weeks ago; in the case of oophorectomy alone, only when the reproductive status of the woman has been confirmed by follow up hormone level assessment is she considered not of child bearing potential; sexually active males must use a condom during intercourse while taking drug and for 28 days after stopping study medication and should not father a child in this period; a condom is required to be used also by vasectomized men in order to prevent delivery of the drug via seminal fluid * Females with childbearing potential\* must have had a negative urine or serum pregnancy test =\< 7 days before the first dose of deferasirox and must also not be breastfeeding * Reliable and willing to make themselves available for the duration of the study and are willing to follow study procedures
Exclusion criteria
* If the patient is currently receiving erythroid stimulating agents (ESA) with plans to continue during study, less than 2 months duration of ESA prior to starting study drug and no dose escalation within 2 months of start of study drug * If the patient is being treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and/or a TPO-mimetic (for example, eltrombopag or romiplostim) with plans to continue during the study: Less than 2 months duration of GCSF or the TPO-mimetic treatment prior to starting study drug; or GCSF and/or TPO-mimetic has been added to ESA therapy within 2 months of start of study drug * If patient is being treated with lenalidomide with plans to continue during the study: Stable dose for less than 3 months prior to start of study drug * If patient is being treated with hypomethylating agents (HMA) (for example, azacitidine or decitabine) with plans to continue during the study: Stable dose for less than 6 months prior to start of study drug * Currently enrolled in, or discontinued within the last 14 days from a clinical trial involving an investigational product or non-approved use of a drug, or concurrently enrolled in any other type of medical research judged not to be scientifically or medically compatible with this study * Presence of \>= 10% blast by morphologic examination of bone marrow aspirate or biopsy * Platelets =\< 50,000 * Microcytosis on screening blood cell count (CBC) (mean corpuscular volume \[MCV\] \< 81 fL) * Active gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration or hemorrhage * Have a serious preexisting medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator would preclude participation in the study (for example a GI disorder causing clinically significant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, or malabsorption syndrome) or that would result in a life expectancy of less than 1 year * Known hypersensitivity to deferasirox * History of non-transfusional hemosiderosis * Prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant for the diagnosis of MDS * A second primary malignancy that in the judgment of the principal investigator (PI) or designee may affect the interpretation of results * Have an active fungal, bacterial, and/or known viral infection including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or viral (A, B, or C) hepatitis * Currently using aluminum-containing antacid products * History of clinically significant auditory or ocular toxicity with ICT
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Patients That Achieve Erythroid Hematologic Improvement. | At 6 months | As defined by the modified International Working Group (IWG) response criteria: Erythroid response (pretreatment, \<11 g/dL): 1. Hgb increase by ≥ 1.5 g/dL 2. Relevant reduction of units of RBC transfusions by an absolute number of at least 4 RBC transfusions/8 wk compared with the pretreatment transfusion number in the previous 8 wk. Only RBC transfusions given for a Hgb of ≤ 0.9 g/dL pretreatment will count in the RBC transfusion response evaluation. Platelet response (pretreatment, \< 100 x 10\^9/L) 1. Absolute increase of ≥ 30 x 10\^9/L for patients starting with \> 20 x 10\^9/L platelets 2. Increase from \< 20 x 10\^9/L to \> 20 x 10\^9/L and by at least 100% Neutrophil response (pretreatment, \< 1.0 x 10\^9/L) 1\) At least 100% increase and an absolute increase \> 0.5 x 10\^9/L |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements | Baseline up to 12 months | Assessed monthly for up to twelve months. |
| Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | Baseline up to 12 months | Assessed monthly for up to twelve months. |
| Proportion of Patients Who Achieve Granulocyte or Platelet Hematologic Improvement | At 6 months | As defined by the modified International Working Group (IWG) response criteria: Erythroid response (pretreatment, \<11 g/dL): 1. Hgb increase by ≥ 1.5 g/dL 2. Relevant reduction of units of RBC transfusions by an absolute number of at least 4 RBC transfusions/8 wk compared with the pretreatment transfusion number in the previous 8 wk. Only RBC transfusions given for a Hgb of ≤ 0.9 g/dL pretreatment will count in the RBC transfusion response evaluation. Platelet response (pretreatment, \< 100 x 10\^9/L) 1. Absolute increase of ≥ 30 x 10\^9/L for patients starting with \> 20 x 10\^9/L platelets 2. Increase from \< 20 x 10\^9/L to \> 20 x 10\^9/L and by at least 100% Neutrophil response (pretreatment, \< 1.0 x 10\^9/L) 1\) At least 100% increase and an absolute increase \> 0.5 x 10\^9/L |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Deferasirox) Patients receive deferasirox PO QD. Treatment continues for up to 52 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Deferasirox: Given PO
Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies | 2 |
| Total | 2 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Disease Progression | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Treatment (Deferasirox) |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 2 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 2 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 2 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 1 / 2 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 2 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 2 |
Outcome results
Primary
Proportion of Patients That Achieve Erythroid Hematologic Improvement.
As defined by the modified International Working Group (IWG) response criteria: Erythroid response (pretreatment, \<11 g/dL): 1. Hgb increase by ≥ 1.5 g/dL 2. Relevant reduction of units of RBC transfusions by an absolute number of at least 4 RBC transfusions/8 wk compared with the pretreatment transfusion number in the previous 8 wk. Only RBC transfusions given for a Hgb of ≤ 0.9 g/dL pretreatment will count in the RBC transfusion response evaluation. Platelet response (pretreatment, \< 100 x 10\^9/L) 1. Absolute increase of ≥ 30 x 10\^9/L for patients starting with \> 20 x 10\^9/L platelets 2. Increase from \< 20 x 10\^9/L to \> 20 x 10\^9/L and by at least 100% Neutrophil response (pretreatment, \< 1.0 x 10\^9/L) 1\) At least 100% increase and an absolute increase \> 0.5 x 10\^9/L
Time frame: At 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Proportion of Patients That Achieve Erythroid Hematologic Improvement. | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements
Assessed monthly for up to twelve months.
Time frame: Baseline up to 12 months
Population: Data for the 2 participants is presented as 2 different groups to show the individual RBC transfusion requirements per month, at each point in time
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements | Transfusion requirement at Baseline | 4 RBC transfusions/month |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements | Transfusion requirement at time off-treatment | 2 RBC transfusions/month |
| Patient 2 | Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements | Transfusion requirement at Baseline | 1 RBC transfusions/month |
| Patient 2 | Change in Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Requirements | Transfusion requirement at time off-treatment | 2 RBC transfusions/month |
Secondary
Change in Serum Ferritin Levels
Assessed monthly for up to twelve months.
Time frame: Baseline up to 12 months
Population: Data for the 2 participants is presented as 2 different groups to show the individual serum ferritin levels at each point in time
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 1 month | 6637 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 7 months | 4832 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 5 months | 7252 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 8 months | 4054 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 2 months | 6010 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 9 months | 3933 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | Baseline | 6025 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 10 months | 3728 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 4 months | 22360 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 11 months | NA ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 6 months | 5697 ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 12 months | NA ng/mL |
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 3 months | 6405 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 12 months | NA ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 3 months | 583 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 4 months | 414 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | Baseline | 755 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 1 month | 778 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 2 months | 827 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 5 months | 652 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 6 months | 776 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 7 months | 880 ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 8 months | NA ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 9 months | NA ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 10 months | NA ng/mL |
| Patient 2 | Change in Serum Ferritin Levels | 11 months | NA ng/mL |
Secondary
Proportion of Patients Who Achieve Granulocyte or Platelet Hematologic Improvement
As defined by the modified International Working Group (IWG) response criteria: Erythroid response (pretreatment, \<11 g/dL): 1. Hgb increase by ≥ 1.5 g/dL 2. Relevant reduction of units of RBC transfusions by an absolute number of at least 4 RBC transfusions/8 wk compared with the pretreatment transfusion number in the previous 8 wk. Only RBC transfusions given for a Hgb of ≤ 0.9 g/dL pretreatment will count in the RBC transfusion response evaluation. Platelet response (pretreatment, \< 100 x 10\^9/L) 1. Absolute increase of ≥ 30 x 10\^9/L for patients starting with \> 20 x 10\^9/L platelets 2. Increase from \< 20 x 10\^9/L to \> 20 x 10\^9/L and by at least 100% Neutrophil response (pretreatment, \< 1.0 x 10\^9/L) 1\) At least 100% increase and an absolute increase \> 0.5 x 10\^9/L
Time frame: At 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Deferasirox) | Proportion of Patients Who Achieve Granulocyte or Platelet Hematologic Improvement | 1 Participants |