Anxiety, Depression, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Substance-Related Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Veterans, mental health, Patient-Centered Care
Brief summary
Recent Veterans of the OIF/OEF/OND conflicts are presenting in VA care with high rates of: PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse, reporting significant difficulties with community reintegration, and dropping out of mental health care at high rates. Surveys of recent Veterans show that Veterans want the VA to provide mental health care tailored to their concerns and reintegration priorities. The VA is committed to providing personalized, proactive, patient centered care (PCC); but little research or intervention development has been done on PCC in mental health care settings and preliminary research indicates Veterans may lack the skills and knowledge to be active partners in PCC. This study aims to examine PCC behaviors in VA mental health care and, informed by this data, develop a brief patient centered mental health intervention that will help recent Veterans take the lead in their care personalization and support their functional recovery. Results from this study will demonstrate the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of this intervention.
Detailed description
Project Background: The term recent Veterans refers to Veterans who served in the military operations Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. Almost 60% of recent Veterans who received VA care have been diagnosed with a mental health disorder, most commonly posttraumatic stress disorder (32%), depressive disorders (26%), anxiety disorders (25%), and substance abuse (13%). The research literature consistently confirms that recent Veterans with stress-related mental health disorders experience impairment in functional domains of health (overcoming and managing disease), purpose (meaningful daily activities and participation in society), and community (positive relationships and social networks). Project Objectives: The proposed research will characterize patient centered care in VA mental health care and produce a brief patient centered intervention that will empower Veterans to lead and personalize their mental health care in support of their functional recovery. In Aim 1 of this research the investigators will characterize rates of providers' and recent Veterans' (n=30) participation in the four components of PCC, as well as barriers and facilitators of each PCC component, to inform development of a brief patient centered mental health intervention in Aim 2. In Aim 2 the investigators will develop a brief patient centered mental health intervention for recent Veterans experiencing stress-related mental health disorders and conduct a pre-pilot demonstration (n=10) to assess acceptability. This intervention will be informed by data collected in Aim 1 and developed using an iterative process of discussion with and input from recent Veterans, VA mental health providers, peer specialists, and researchers. Finally in Aim 3 the investigators will test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the brief intervention by conducting a randomized controlled trial with 48 recent Veterans with stress-related mental health disorders. Project Methods: In Aim 1 data will be collected at one time point using surveys and a recording of a Veteran provider encounter which will be coded to quantify Veteran and provider patient centered care behaviors. Intervention development in Aim 2 will be led by a multi-stakeholder Advisory Panel and further developed using Veteran focus groups. Acceptability will be demonstrated via qualitative interviews following a pre-pilot demonstration project with 10 Veteran participants. In Aim 3 data will be collected at baseline, post-RCT participation, and 3 month and 6 month follow-up. Feasibility will be assessed with study administration data on engagement and participation in the intervention and preliminary efficacy will be evaluated via quantitative analysis of functioning from self-report surveys. Note: Measure of Patient Centered Care (Patient-centered Communication) was removed as a measure. The MPCC requires recording a patient-provider encounter and coding it. When the pandemic occurred previous methods of recording encounters and physically bringing an approved recording device to the provider's office prior to the session, was no longer viable. Investigators had to suspend recording until approved technology guidance was provided. When a means was identified it was so cumbersome no providers agreed to record.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALperson-centered mental health intervention
We anticipate that the PCMHI will be comprised of three, one-hour sessions offered over three to six weeks, scheduled at the participants' preference. Sessions will be one-on-one and the peer support specialist interventionist.
BEHAVIORALhealth and wellness
The control condition will be an educational health and wellness intervention for stress related disorders that will match the experimental condition for time and attention. The control condition will be three, one hour, individual sessions covering the symptom cycle, managing stress, and identifying social supports.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Outcomes assessors will be blind to participant intervention assignment.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Per medical record review: * military service in Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation New Dawn (OIF/OEF/OND) * Veteran accessed mental health care (MHC) service at designated study site for the first time in the last 6 months OR the first time in the last 6 months after at least a one year gap in mental health care * have a diagnosis of PTSD (309.81), major depressive disorder (296.20-296.23, 296.30-296.33), other specified or unspecified depressive disorder (311), social anxiety disorder (300.23), panic disorder (300.01), generalized anxiety disorder (300.02), other specified or unspecified anxiety disorder (300.09, 300.00), substance use disorders (303.90, 304.00, 304.10, 304.30), Unspecified Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorder (309.9), Other Specified Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorder (309.89), or Adjustment Disorder (309.20- 309.25) * age between 18 and 65 * sufficient clinical stability to participate as deemed by a treatment provider * Veteran consents to having one mental health encounter recorded and coded * Veteran's relevant provider consents to having one mental health encounter recorded and coded
Exclusion criteria
Per medical record review: * current diagnosis of a psychotic disorder meeting criteria established by the VA Serious Mental Illness Treatment, Research, and Evaluation Center (SMITREC): * schizophrenic disorders (295.0-295.9) * affective psychoses (296.0-296.1, 296.4-296.8) * or major depression with psychotic features (296.24, 296.34)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - Participation in Community Activities) | 6 months | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability. |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Vitality) | 6 months | The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Social Functioning) | 6 months | The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Mental Health) | 6 months | The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Household Life Activities) | 6 months | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability. |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - School/Work Life Activities) | 6 months | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability. |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Role Limitations) Due to Emotional Problems | 6 months | The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Anxiety Symptoms) | 6 months | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale is 21 self report items scored on a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 (not at all) to 3 (applied very much). It has three subscales: depression (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), anxiety (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), and stress (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate greater symptomology. |
| PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (Change in PTSD Symptoms) | 6 months | PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 is the most current version of the PTSD Check List (PCL), the gold standard of PTSD symptom assessments. Its 20-items use a 5-point Likert scale (0-not at all to 4-extremely) that maps on to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The PCL-5 is appropriate for both clinical and research purposes and is recommended for monitoring symptom change. The PCL-5 is summed to create a total score with a possible range of 0 to 80. A score of 31-33 or higher is indicative of a provisional diagnosis of PTSD and preliminary validation has established that a 10 point change is clinically significant. |
| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Change in Alcohol Use Symptoms) | 6 months | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test is a 10-item self-report instrument with each item scored on a scale of 0-4 for a total possible score of 0 to 40. The items obtain information on the frequency and amount of drinking and alcohol-related problems. A score of 8 or more is associated with harmful or hazardous drinking. |
| Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) - (Change in Substance Use Symptoms) | 6 months | Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a 10 item, yes or no response measure of drug use. The possible scores range from 0 to 10. The DAST 10 scores are divided into five levels of symptomology (0 No problems reported; 1-2 Low; 3-5 Moderate; 6-8 Substantial; 9-10 Severe) and level change is considered clinically significant. |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Depression Symptoms) | 6 months | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale is 21 self report items scored on a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 (not at all) to 3 (applied very much). It has three subscales: depression (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), anxiety (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), and stress (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate greater symptomology. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) We anticipate that the PCMHI will be comprised of three, one-hour sessions offered over three to six weeks, scheduled at the participants' preference. Sessions will be one-on-one and the peer support specialist interventionist.
person-centered mental health intervention: We anticipate that the PCMHI will be comprised of three, one-hour sessions offered over three to six weeks, scheduled at the participants' preference. Sessions will be one-on-one and the peer support specialist interventionist. | 24 |
| Health and Wellness The control condition will be an educational health and wellness intervention for stress related disorders that will match the experimental condition for time and attention. The control condition will be three, one hour, individual sessions covering the symptom cycle, managing stress, and identifying social supports.
health and wellness: The control condition will be an educational health and wellness intervention for stress related disorders that will match the experimental condition for time and attention. The control condition will be three, one hour, individual sessions covering the symptom cycle, managing stress, and identifying social supports. | 23 |
| Total | 47 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 7 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Total | Health and Wellness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 24 Participants | 47 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 38.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 | 39.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 40.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 24 Participants | 44 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 11 Participants | 15 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 10 Participants | 26 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 24 Participants | 47 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 19 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants | 28 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey - mental health | 40.83 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.1 | 43.66 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.51 | 46.61 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.95 |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey - role limitations due to emotional problems | 47.57 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.18 | 47.34 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.64 | 47.10 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.52 |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey - social functioning) | 35.42 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 29.64 | 32.45 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.49 | 29.35 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.51 |
| Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey - vitality | 25.42 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.51 | 26.60 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.08 | 27.83 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.88 |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - household life activities | 57.92 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.7 | 58.72 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.59 | 59.57 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.02 |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - participation in community activities | 56.60 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.02 | 56.94 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.28 | 57.34 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.67 |
| World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - school/work life activities | 46.83 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 28.7 | 44.96 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.59 | 42.86 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.69 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Mental Health)
The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Mental Health) | 50.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.65 |
| Health and Wellness | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Mental Health) | 48.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.33 |
p-value: 0.85Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Role Limitations) Due to Emotional Problems
The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Role Limitations) Due to Emotional Problems | 50.98 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.3 |
| Health and Wellness | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Role Limitations) Due to Emotional Problems | 47.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 27.38 |
p-value: 0.9Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Social Functioning)
The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Social Functioning) | 46.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 33.88 |
| Health and Wellness | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Social Functioning) | 36.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.27 |
p-value: 0.56Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Vitality)
The Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures health-related quality of life in 8 domains, 4 of which will be utilized in this study: (1) role limitations due to emotional problems, (2) vitality, (3) social functioning, and (4) mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better functioning.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Vitality) | 29.12 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.25 |
| Health and Wellness | Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Vitality) | 28.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.61 |
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Household Life Activities)
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Household Life Activities) | 41.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.47 |
| Health and Wellness | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Change in Self-assessment of Functioning - Household Life Activities) | 50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.71 |
p-value: 0.43Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - Participation in Community Activities)
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - Participation in Community Activities) | 41.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.32 |
| Health and Wellness | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - Participation in Community Activities) | 48.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.79 |
p-value: 0.5Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - School/Work Life Activities)
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 is a 36-item assessment of health and disability across physical and mental health disorders in both clinical and non-clinical settings/populations. It closely corresponds with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Subscales measuring (1) life activities such as domestic responsibilities, (2) life activities such as school and work, and (3) participation in community activities. Items are scored on a 0-100 scale. Lower scores indicate less disability.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - School/Work Life Activities) | 36.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.23 |
| Health and Wellness | World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (Changes in Self-assessment of Functioning - School/Work Life Activities) | 39.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.98 |
p-value: 0.82Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Change in Alcohol Use Symptoms)
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test is a 10-item self-report instrument with each item scored on a scale of 0-4 for a total possible score of 0 to 40. The items obtain information on the frequency and amount of drinking and alcohol-related problems. A score of 8 or more is associated with harmful or hazardous drinking.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Change in Alcohol Use Symptoms) | 3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.12 |
| Health and Wellness | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Change in Alcohol Use Symptoms) | 4.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.01 |
p-value: 0.35Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Anxiety Symptoms)
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale is 21 self report items scored on a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 (not at all) to 3 (applied very much). It has three subscales: depression (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), anxiety (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), and stress (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate greater symptomology.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Anxiety Symptoms) | 6.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.15 |
| Health and Wellness | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Anxiety Symptoms) | 8.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.96 |
p-value: 0.92Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Depression Symptoms)
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale is 21 self report items scored on a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 (not at all) to 3 (applied very much). It has three subscales: depression (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), anxiety (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21), and stress (7 items with a possible score from 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate greater symptomology.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: participants who completed a DASS-21 at 6 months post baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Depression Symptoms) | 7.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.72 |
| Health and Wellness | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (Change in Depression Symptoms) | 8.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.05 |
p-value: 0.56Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) - (Change in Substance Use Symptoms)
Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a 10 item, yes or no response measure of drug use. The possible scores range from 0 to 10. The DAST 10 scores are divided into five levels of symptomology (0 No problems reported; 1-2 Low; 3-5 Moderate; 6-8 Substantial; 9-10 Severe) and level change is considered clinically significant.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) - (Change in Substance Use Symptoms) | .63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Health and Wellness | Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) - (Change in Substance Use Symptoms) | .74 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.29 |
Secondary
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (Change in PTSD Symptoms)
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 is the most current version of the PTSD Check List (PCL), the gold standard of PTSD symptom assessments. Its 20-items use a 5-point Likert scale (0-not at all to 4-extremely) that maps on to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The PCL-5 is appropriate for both clinical and research purposes and is recommended for monitoring symptom change. The PCL-5 is summed to create a total score with a possible range of 0 to 80. A score of 31-33 or higher is indicative of a provisional diagnosis of PTSD and preliminary validation has established that a 10 point change is clinically significant.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Person-centered Mental Health Intervention (PCMHI) | PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (Change in PTSD Symptoms) | 31.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.19 |
| Health and Wellness | PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (Change in PTSD Symptoms) | 38.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.59 |
p-value: 0.65Mixed Models Analysis