Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Periodontal Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
Saliva
Brief summary
Diabetes Mellitus is a risk factor for periodontal disease increasing its prevalence, extension and severity. Periodontal disease is considered the sixth complication of diabetes. There is a global epidemic of diabetes, including an increase of incidence of type 1 diabetes in younger patients. Thus, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate the periodontal and salivary condition of a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes of a brazillian city.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnose of Type 1 diabetes mellitus * Age between 18 and 35 years old * Presenting on tooth per quadrant
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnose of Type 2 diabetes mellitus * Edentulous patients * Other systemic diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) measured by a periodontal probe and classified according to severity | one day | Severe periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL (clinical attachment level) ≥ 6mm and ≥1 interproximal site with PPD (periodontal probing depth) ≥5mm. Moderate periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥ 4mm or ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with PPD ≥5mm. Mild periodontitis was defined as ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 3 mm CAL and ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 4 mm PPD or at least 1 site with PPD ≥ 5 mm (20,21). Gingivitis was determined as follows: Subjects were considered healthy if presented PPD ≤3mm/BOP (bleeding on probing) extent scores \< 10% and with gingivitis if presented PPD ≤3mm/ BOP extent scores \>10%. |
| Salivary pH and buffering Capacity - collection of stimulated saliva in 10 minutes and measurement of acidity with a pHmeter | one day | Normal Salivary pH = 6 to 7. Buffering capacity: ≥ 5.6 were considered as ''high'', ranging from 4.1 to 5.5 were labelled as ''medium'' and those ≤4 were defined as ''low'' |
| Salivary glucose - collection of stimulated saliva in 10 minutes and measurement with a colorimetric kit | one day | Salivary glucose is measured by a colorimetric kit and the values are converted and presented as mg/dL. There are no reference value for this measurement. The analysis is done by means of correlation to blood glucose levels in mg/dL. |
| Salivary peroxidase - collection of stimulated saliva in 10 minutes, measurement by a spectrophotometer. | one day | The activity of salivary peroxidase is presented in Units/mg. The detection of activity of these enzymes is associated to periodontal disease. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque index - measured by visual observation and classification in scores (1 for presence, 0 for absence) | One day | Plaque index (PI) will be registered as scores (1 for presence, 0 for absence). For control group a plaque index of 15% is considered normal. |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed