Potential Abnormality of Glucose Tolerance, Appetite; Lack or Loss, Nonorganic Origin
Conditions
Keywords
energy intake, blood glucose, carob flour
Brief summary
This study investigated any potential associations between two preloads offered as snacks and postprandial glycemic response, subjective and objective appetite and energy intake in healthy, normal-weight adults.
Detailed description
This study aimed at 1. firstly determine the glycemic index (GI) of a carob snack compared with an isoenergetic, equal weight chocolate cookie and 2. test the hypothesis that a carob preload consumed as snack before a meal, compared to chocolate cookie would: (a) have greater short-term effect on satiety measured by subsequent ad libitum meal intake, (b) induce greater satiety as assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS), and (c) reduce postprandial glycemic response.
Interventions
Ten subjects (male: 6, female: 4) consumed 25g glucose diluted in 250ml water, two times, in different weeks, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
Ten subjects (male: 6, female: 4) consumed 25g available carbohydrate from white bread along with 250ml water, two times, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERCarob snack as test food
Ten subjects (male: 6, female: 4) consumed 25g available carbohydrate from carob snack along with 250ml water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERChocolate cookie snack as test food
Ten subjects (male: 6, female: 4) consumed 25g available carbohydrate from chocolate cookie snack along with 250ml water, one time, in different weeks, within 10-15 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.
OTHERCarob preload
Fifty healthy subjects (male: 22, female: 28) consumed a standardized breakfast (bread and honey) and 2h after were offered a preload given as snack (40g carob snack). Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). The meal consisted of rice, roasted chicken breast and chocolate cake. Foods were weighed before serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken before breakfast, 120min after breakfast; before preload, 120minand 180minpost-preload consumption; before meal (lunch and dessert), 60minand 120min post-meal consumption. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed with 100mm VAS.
OTHERChocolate cookie preload
Fifty healthy subjects (male: 22, female: 28) consumed a standardized breakfast (bread and honey) and 2h after were offered a preload given as snack (40g chocolate cookie). Three hours after, subjects were given ad libitum access to a meal (lunch and dessert). The meal consisted of rice, roasted chicken breast and chocolate cake. Foods were weighed before serving and any leftovers were weighed again after meal. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken before breakfast, 120min after breakfast; before preload, 120minand 180minpost-preload consumption; before meal (lunch and dessert), 60minand 120min post-meal consumption. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed with 100mm VAS.
Sponsors
Agricultural University of Athens
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\- Healthy, non-smoking, non-diabetic men and women individuals with normal body mass index (BMI; between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2)
Exclusion criteria
* Severe chronic disease (e.g. tumors, manifest coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, severe kidney or liver conditions, endocrine and immunological conditions) * Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. chronic inflammatory bowel disease) * Lactose intolerance * Pregnancy * Competitive sports * Lactation * Alcohol * Drug dependency
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Capillary blood glucose and subjective appetite ratings | 7 hours | Clinically useful change in serum glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test. Useful change in subjective appetite (hunger, desire to eat, motivation to eat, preoccupation with thoughts of food, thirst) scores from 100mm VAS |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy intake next 24hours | 2 days | Useful change in energy intake in the next 24hr (24hr recall) after intervention |
| Energy intake after preload | 2 hours | Useful change in energy intake the day of the intervention (actual weighing of foods consumed and leftovers and 24hr recall) |
| Subjective appetite ratings | 6 hours | Useful change in subjective appetite (hunger, desire to eat, motivation to eat, preoccupation with thoughts of food, thirst) scores from 100mm VAS |
Countries
Greece
Outcome results
None listed