Pressure Ulcers
Conditions
Brief summary
Pressure ulcers are severe injuries and wounds causing a substantial burden on patients, caregivers, and on healthcare systems worldwide. There is common agreement, that effective pressure ulcer prevention is of crucial importance to maintain skin and tissue integrity in individuals at risk. Besides risk assessment and repositioning the use of special pressure ulcer preventive support surfaces are the key interventions in pressure ulcer prevention. Pressure ulcer preventive support surface modify the degree of skin and tissue deformation and/or skin temperature and moisture. Therefore, an association between the type and working mechanism of a pressure ulcer support surface and skin function after loading is highly likely. Furthermore, such a relationship may be used to characterize and/or to quantify the performance pressure ulcer support surfaces in terms of skin protection. The overall aim of this explorative study is to measure skin responses of the two most common pressure ulcer predilection sites (heel, sacral skin) after two hours loading on three different support surfaces and the sternal skin (control area).
Interventions
OTHERAlternating low pressure mattress with air loss function
IsoAir, Stryker, USA
OTHERGel mattress
IsoGel, Stryker, USA
OTHERBasic foam
Standard hospital mattress
Sponsors
Charite University, Berlin, Germany
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
60 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy, female volunteers * 60 to 80 years * Body Mass Index between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m2 * Non-Smoker of at least one year * Absence of skin diseases or scars in the skin areas of interest * Ability to move independently and to maintain supine and prone positions * Able to give written informed consent * No use of cosmetic products or topical applied drugs on the study areas at least 12 hours before measurement * Skin phototype I to III according to Fitzpatrick classification * Willing and able to fulfil the study requirements
Exclusion criteria
* Disability to maintain in supine or prone position * Acute diseases * Acute or chronic diseases with increased or decreased body temperature (≤ 35°C or ≥ 38,5°C, measured in the ear) * History or establishment of Diabetes or pre-diabetes, cardiac or renal insufficiency, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Acute or chronic wounds in the skin areas of interest * Any skin affection which may interfere with the study assessment, e.g. tattoo, psoriasis or scar on the investigational sites * Participation in another clinical study 4 weeks before inclusion visit * Current participation in any other clinical study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, at Baseline | at baseline | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, at Baseline | at baseline | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | at baseline | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | at baseline | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | at baseline | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU).Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | Baseline | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU).Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 min after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted with a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm(Uf, mm). |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the Skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | Baseline | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, at Baseline | Baseline | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sacrum | Baseline | Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany). |
| Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Heel | baseline | Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany). |
| Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sternum (Control- Area) | baseline | Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany). |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | at baseline | TEWL was measured on sternum (control- area) using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | TEWL was measured on sternum (control- area) using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer. |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %). |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, at Baseline | at baseline | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter. |
| Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | Baseline | Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm). |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, After Two Hours | after two hours | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, at Baseline | at baseline | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | after two hours loading | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
| Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 20 minutes after off-loading | Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C. |
Countries
Germany
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study took place at the Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science in Berlin, Germany from September 2016 to March 2017 and involved 15 healthy female volunteers.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| AlternatingLow Pressure Mattress,Reactive Mattress,Basic Foam Cross-over trial. In total 15 participants, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress. | 15 |
| Total | 15 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | AlternatingLow Pressure Mattress,Reactive Mattress,Basic Foam | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 66 years | — |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 24.5 kg/m2 | — |
| Body temperature | 36.3 °C | — |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 75 mmHg | — |
| Heart rate | 78 beats per minute | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Germany | 15 participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | — |
| Skin phototype Skin phototype I | 3 Participants | — |
| Skin phototype Skin phototype II | 9 Participants | — |
| Skin phototype Skin phototype III | 3 Participants | — |
| Systolic blood pressure | 125 mmHg | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
Outcome results
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 9.6 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 10.4 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 11.1 g/m2/h |
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, After Two Hours Loading
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 19.5 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 19.2 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 28.4 g/m2/h |
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, at Baseline
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, at Baseline | 8.1 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, at Baseline | 9.4 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Heel, at Baseline | 8.6 g/m2/h |
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 8.0 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 7.6 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 8.0 g/m2/h |
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 12.4 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 10.4 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 14.5 g/m2/h |
Primary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, at Baseline
TEWL was measured using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, at Baseline | 7.8 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, at Baseline | 7.7 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sacrum, at Baseline | 7.1 g/m2/h |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.34 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.36 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.35 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.35 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.36 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.38 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, at Baseline
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.36 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.35 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.35 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.52 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.45 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.51 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.55 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.50 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.44 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, at Baseline
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.55 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.52 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.57 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lay on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.47 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.48 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.43 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
The elastic recovery (elastic recovery (Ur) / maximum extension (Uf)) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lay on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.42 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Reactive Support Surface | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.43 proportion of the elastic recovery |
| Standard Mattress | Elastic Recovery (Ur/Uf) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.47 proportion of the elastic recovery |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 28.0 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 28.0 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, at Baseline
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, at Baseline | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, at Baseline | 25.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Heel, at Baseline | 24.0 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 44.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 42.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 44.0 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 44.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 41.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 43.5 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 41.0 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 40.0 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 41.0 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 45.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 51.5 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 51.5 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Epidermal moisture (measurement depth 0,5mm) was measured using MoistureMeterEpiD (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). The values are expressed in percentage of local tissue water (0 to 100 %).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 50.0 percentage of tissue water content |
| Reactive Support Surface | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 52.0 percentage of tissue water content |
| Standard Mattress | Epidermal Moisture Measurements Per Skin Area in Percentage (%) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 51.5 percentage of tissue water content |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Heel
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Heel | 0.45 µm |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Heel
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Heel | 0.43 µm |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sacrum
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sacrum | 0.08 µm |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sacrum
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sacrum | 0.09 µm |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sternum (Control- Area)
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sternum (Control- Area) | 0.08 µm |
Secondary
Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sternum (Control- Area)
Skin thickness was measured in μm (Metric) by Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT (Thorlabs, Lübeck, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Epidermal Thickness in μm (Metric) by Image Processing and Measurement at the Sternum (Control- Area) | 0.08 µm |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 231.9 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 188.5 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 226.7 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 247.1 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 225.7 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 225.2 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 194.5 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 177.9 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 186.2 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 201.3 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 194.0 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 221.0 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 220.2 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 206.0 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 235.9 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 187.5 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 176.5 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 167.2 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 344.2 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 350.2 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 325.9 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Erythema was measured with the Mexameter® MX 18 device by using specific wavelengths (the intensity of the reflected red (λ = 660 nm) and green (λ = 568 nm) lights) to measure the absorption capacity of the skin (specifically the content of hemoglobin in the skin). Lower values represent less redness.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 317.7 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 342 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Erythema Index in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 390.2 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.67 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.67 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.67 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.66 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.70 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.70 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, at Baseline
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.67 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.68 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.68 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.75 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.66 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.72 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.81 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.70 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.65 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, at Baseline
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.79 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.78 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.80 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.71 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.32 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.68 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
The elastic function (Ur/Ue) of the skin was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm Diameter.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.59 percentage of net elasticity |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.32 percentage of net elasticity |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Elastic Function (Ur/Ue) at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.70 percentage of net elasticity |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.08 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.09 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.10 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.10 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.10 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 0.10 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, at Baseline
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.08 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.08 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Heel, at Baseline | 0.09 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the Skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.33 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.31 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 0.32 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm(Uf, mm).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.34 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.32 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 0.35 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted with a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.32 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.29 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 0.32 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.32 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.32 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 0.37 mm |
Secondary
Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Skin extensibility was measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 and the corresponding software (Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany).The measurements were conducted whit a pressure of -450 mBar and a probe opening of 2 mm diameter and expressed in terms of total extensibility of the skin in mm (Uf, mm).
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.34 mm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.32 mm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Extensibility (Uf) in mm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 0.36 mm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 71.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 81.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, 20 Min After Off-loading | 70.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 67.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 73.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 67.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, at Baseline | 63.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, at Baseline | 63.8 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Heel, at Baseline | 70.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 57.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 52.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 52.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 51.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 50.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 52.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 51.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 47.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 46.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 38.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 38.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 36.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rmax (Maximum roughness) is the biggest roughness of the different segment roughness values.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 48.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 49.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Maximum Roughness (Rmax) in µm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 44.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 10.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 11.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, 20 Min After Off-loading | 9.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 10.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 10.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 8.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, at Baseline | 9.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, at Baseline | 9.8 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Heels, at Baseline | 9.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 10.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 9.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 9.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 9.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 9.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 8.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 9.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 8.3 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 8.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 7.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 7.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 7.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Ra is the arithmetical mean roughness calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Ra values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 8.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 7.3 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Ra) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 8.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heel, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heel, at Baseline | 48.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heel, at Baseline | 48.3 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heel, at Baseline | 51.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, 20min Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 52.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 59.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 55.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 50.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 51.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 51.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 43.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 40.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, 20 Min After Off-loading | 42.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 39.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 40.0 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 39.5 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 39.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 35.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 34.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 29.0 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 28.5 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 28.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Skin roughness was measured using the Visioscan VC98 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) device. It consists of a UV light camera and measures the skin surface profiles. Rz is the arithmetic average of different segment roughness values calculated with visioscan software. The median was calculated from the Rz values from the 15 participants for each Intervention Group.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 36.5 µm |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 37.8 µm |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Mean Roughness (Rz) in μm at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 35.0 µm |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.4 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.2 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 25.9 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 26.5 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 25.5 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, After Two Hours Loading | 26.6 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, at Baseline
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, at Baseline | 24.4 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, at Baseline | 25.2 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Heel, at Baseline | 24.3 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: 20 minutes after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 30.3 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 29.4 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, 20 Minutes After Off-loading | 30.3 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, After Two Hours
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: after two hours
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, After Two Hours | 31.4 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, After Two Hours | 30.7 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, After Two Hours | 32.0 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 28.8 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 28.9 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 29.1 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 29.9 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 30.2 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 30.6 °C |
Secondary
Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Skin thermometer based on the infrared technique (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the skin surface temperature in °C.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 30.8 °C |
| Reactive Support Surface | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 30.7 °C |
| Standard Mattress | Skin Surface Temperature in °C Per Skin Area at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 30.9 °C |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20min Off-loading
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 14.4 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 12.9 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, 20min Off-loading | 15.3 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 18.0 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 17.9 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, After Two Hours Loading | 20.2 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU).Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 13.3 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 13.6 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Heels, at Baseline | 12.9 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU).Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: 20 min after off-loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 29.3 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 27.4 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, 20 Min Off-loading | 30.1 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 34.6 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 29.8 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, After Two Hours Loading | 31.6 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 27.2 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 23.8 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sacrum, at Baseline | 27.5 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 46.7 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 43.7 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 44.3 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
Corneometer® CM 825 (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure SCH in arbitrary units (AU) (range 0-120 AU). Lower values represent reduced skin hydration in the upper skin layer.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 48.1 arbitrary units |
| Reactive Support Surface | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 50.0 arbitrary units |
| Standard Mattress | Stratum Corneum Hydration (SCH) in Arbitrary Units at the Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 47.0 arbitrary units |
Secondary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading
TEWL was measured on sternum (control- area) using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany).
Time frame: after two hours loading
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 8.3 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 8.0 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), After Two Hours Loading | 8.1 g/m2/h |
Secondary
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline
TEWL was measured on sternum (control- area) using the Tewameter TM300 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany)
Time frame: at baseline
Population: Cross-over trial with 15 female participants between 60 and 80 years, each of them lied on every of the three types of mattress.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alternating Low Pressure Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 10.4 g/m2/h |
| Reactive Support Surface | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 9.8 g/m2/h |
| Standard Mattress | Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) in g/m2/h on Sternum (Control- Area), at Baseline | 9.8 g/m2/h |