Metabolic Syndrome X
Conditions
Keywords
Diet Intervention, Metabolic Syndrome, Feeding Study, Prediabetes
Brief summary
To determine the effects of high cheese diets varying in carbohydrate content on markers of disease risk.
Detailed description
Summary of Proposed Research: This project will involve four controlled 4 wk feeding periods in individuals with metabolic syndrome (currently 1/3 of US adults). After a 2 wk run-in period, 20 subjects will be fed one of three diets in a randomized and balanced order: a typical American High-Carb diet high in cheese (6 oz/day), a High-Carb diet low in cheese (0 oz/day), or a Moderate-Carb, high-cheese diet (6 oz/day), Low-Carb, high cheese where cheese displaces an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate. There will be a 2 wk washout period separating trials during which subjects consume their normal diet. Specific menus will be designed for each feeding phase and all food will be prepared for subjects. Testing will occur at baseline and after each feeding period. Measures of cholesterol beyond standard LDL- and HDL-cholesterol will be done by examining lipoprotein particle size, apolipoproteins, and fatty acid composition \[i.e., accumulation of saturated fat in blood and tissues, palmitoleic acid (highly linked to cardiovascular disease), and detection of phytanic acid (a uniquely bioactive fatty acid in dairy fat)\]. Changes in whole body and regional fat, including measures of visceral fat and liver fat, will be examined non-invasively by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Interventions
Participants will undertake a controlled feeding intervention. All food will be prepared and delivered to participants by research staff. Participants will be asked to exclusively eat what is provided to them in efforts to control any dietary effects.
Sponsors
Ohio State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Waist circumference (≥101.6 cm men, ≥88.9 cm women) * Blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg) or current use of antihypertensive medication * Fasting plasma glucose (≥100 mg/dL) * Triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) * HDL-C (\<40 mg/dL men, \<50 mg/dL women)
Exclusion criteria
* Hypercholesterolemia * Diabetes * Liver, kidney or other metabolic or endocrine dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders * Regular smokers * Lactose-intolerant * Consume excessive amounts of alcohol (\>3 drinks/d) * Have used cholesterol, diabetic, antibiotic or antifungal medications in the past 3 months * Women who are pregnant or lactating * Participants taking any probiotics or supplements known to affect serum lipid levels, inflammation, antioxidant status or the gut microbiota will be asked to discontinue use to allow for washout of any metabolic effects.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Lipoprotein Analysis | Through study completion, an average of 2 years. | Blood analysis for Fatty Acid Composition and Lipoproteins will by conducted by Lipid Technologies and Quest Diagnostics, respectively. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Composition as Assessed by DEXA and MRI | Through study completion, an average of 2 years. | Participants will undergo both DEXA and MRI scans, conducted by trained professionals. DEXA will be used to determined subcutaneous adiposity. MRI post-imaging analyses will determine both hepatic and visceral fat content. |
| Change in Blood-based Inflammation Markers | Through study completion, an average of 2 years. | Inflammatory biomarkers in the blood will be assessed using a Multiplex ELISA system. The inflammatory markers to be measured are: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α. |
| Change in Blood Metabolite Profiles | Through study completion, an average of 2 years. | NMR spectroscopy (600 Mhz) will be used to obtain metabolic profiles of serum samples. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed