Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Orange juice, Low-calorie diet, Body composition, Weight-loss, Metabolic biomarkers, Obese
Brief summary
This study aimed to verify if combination of a low calorie diet and orange juice consumption results in weight loss and ameliorates metabolic obesity-related biomarkers.
Detailed description
Seventy-eight obese subjects aged 36 ± 1 years and BMI of 33 ± 3 kg were randomly divided into two parallel groups: (1) orange juice (n = 39), composed of individuals subjected to a diet low caloric diet and plus intake of 500 ml orange juice; (2) control (n = 39) composed of individuals subjected to a diet low in calories. The recruitment process began in September 2015, the intervention was carried out from October 2015 to January 2016, and the data analysis started in February 2016. The sample number took into account variances on body weight with a type I error α = 0.05 and a type II error β = 0.2 (80% power). The minimum sample size should have 36 individuals per group (n = 72), considering an approximately 15% dropout rate. Thus, the final sample size of study was constituted by 39 individuals per group (n = 78). Primary and secondary endpoints were the reduction of weight and modification of the levels of obesity-related metabolic biomarkers, respectively. Normality and homogeneity of data were tested. T-test was conducted to identify possible differences between OJ and control groups at baseline. A linear mixed-effects model was apply to determine the time effect within and between groups (post hoc), and P significance was set up ≤ 0.05. The assessment of body composition, metabolic biomarkers and food intake were analyzed over a 12-week intervention.
Interventions
Nutritionists prescribed a low-calorie diet that was estimated from total energy expenditure (TEE) for each individual minus 500 kcal per day (30% TEE). Both groups had the same diet plan based on individual weight. The dietary plan was composed of six meals/day: breakfast (fat-free milk and coffee; whole-grain bread with margarine, and an apple); snack 1 (250 mL OJ / banana and free-fat yogurt); lunch (brown rice, beans, grilled lean meat, salad, cooked vegetables); snack 2 (250 mL OJ / free-fat yogurt with oatmeal); dinner (brown rice, beans, grilled lean meat, cooked vegetables and salad); and snack 3 (salty crackers or oat cookies, tea without sugar). Body composition measurements were collected (monthly); blood samples and dietary questionnaires (every two weeks).
Sponsors
National Association of Exporters of Citrus Juices
Citrosuco Company
São Paulo State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 30 \> BMI \< 40 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Dieting last year, * Use of drugs, vitamins and dietary supplements * Alcohol consumption (\> 20 g alcohol/d) * Intense physical activity (\> 5 hours/week).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Body-weight | 12 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Body lean mass | 12 weeks |
| Body fat mass | 12 weeks |
| Percentage of body fat | 12 weeks |
| Ratio waist/hip | 12 weeks |
| Glucose | 12 weeks |
| Insulin | 12 weeks |
| Homeostatic Model assessment of Insulin Resistance | 12 weeks |
| Total cholesterol | 12 weeks |
| LDL-cholesterol | 12 weeks |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 12 weeks |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol | 12 weeks |
| Triglycerides | 12 weeks |
| hsCRP | 12 weeks |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 12 weeks |
| Aspartate transaminase | 12 weeks |
| Alanine transaminase | 12 weeks |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase | 12 weeks |
| Antioxidant capacity (ABTS) | 12 weeks |
| Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) | 12 weeks |
| HDL-cholesterol | 12 weeks |
Outcome results
None listed