Muscular Atrophy, Sarcopenia
Conditions
Keywords
Exercise, Nutrition, Sarcopenia, Healthy Ageing, Elderly, Muscular Hypertrophy
Brief summary
This project will investigate the synergistic effects of Aerobic and Resistance type Exercise, in combination with Protein Supplementation, on; Body Composition, Musculoskeletal Functioning, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Age-related Sarcopenia.
Detailed description
Musculoskeletal ageing is an inevitable process associated with profound morphological and functional changes that will ultimately transition an individual from independent, to dependable living, relying heavily on personal health care for survival. The United Kingdom (UK) population aged over 65 years is expected to rise from 8.8 to 11.3 million by 2025. As life expectancy increases due to advances in medical treatment, an age-related disease termed sarcopenia, has become more prevalent in the elderly. Sarcopenia, described as the loss of musculoskeletal mass, strength and/or physical functioning with age, manifests after the 6th decade and rapidly increases after the 8th decade, resulting in a deterioration of health status and quality of life. To manage the looming health and economic consequences of sarcopenia, suitable therapeutic strategies to manage the condition are warranted. Therefore, this randomised control trial (RCT) will investigate the effects of 16-weeks of exercise and nutritional interventions in inactive senior citizens (60 - 90 years old).
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTProtein Supplementation
1.2-1.5g/kg/body weight per day
OTHERAerobic Exercise
30-60 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise
OTHERResistance Exercise
60 minutes per week of progressive resistance training
Sponsors
Liverpool Hope University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male and Female participants * 60 - 90 years of age * Resident in North West, England, UK * BMI 18.5-30 kg/m * Can speak and understand English * Willing to consent and follow the study procedures
Exclusion criteria
* Recent (i.e. past 3 months) or concurrent participation in any clinical trial or dietary and/or exercise intervention program * Self-reported lactose intolerance * Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C \>10) * Uncontrolled Hypertension (160/100) and uncontrolled hypotension (\<100 systolic) * Treatment with Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Digitalis, Bronchodilator, * Diuretics, Vasodilators * Current hormone therapy such as insulin, testosterone or hormone replacement therapy * History of falls/osteoporosis * Major psychological/mental illness * Medical conditions that precluded safe participation in an exercise program * Other major systemic diseases: Liver and kidney diseases, Advanced gastrointestinal disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Advanced Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cancer
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Body Composition: Lean Muscle/Fat Tissue 1) appendicular lean mass (kg) divided by height (meters-squared) and 2) appendicular lean mass divided by body mass index | 16 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Gait speed during timed 4-meter walk (m/s) | 16 Weeks |
| Time to complete five chair rises (m/s) | 16 Weeks |
| Balance assessment: 1) feet side to side, 2) semi-tandem, 3) full tandem, and 4) single leg. Scored as Yes or No. | 16 Weeks |
| Isometric Strength - Knee Flexion/Extension: Dynanometer (Nm/Kg) | 16 Weeks |
| Muscle Fatigue: Upper & Lower limb: 25% of MVC during 60 seconds using Electromyography (EMG), measured in millivolts (mV) | 16 Weeks |
| Exercise Tolerance: Six Minute Walk Test (metres) | 16 Weeks |
| 10-metre Gait analysis during habitual walking speed using Electromyography (EMG) | 16 Weeks |
| 10-metre Gait analysis during habitual walking speed using Three-Dimensional Motion Capture - 1) Spatiotemporal, 2) Kinematics | 16 Weeks |
| Biochemical: Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c) (%) | 16 Weeks |
| Grip Strength: Hand Grip Dynanometer (kg) | 16 weeks |
| Biochemical: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) (ng/ml) | 16 Weeks |
| Arterial Pressure: Pulse Wave Velocity (m/s) | 16 Weeks |
| Energy Balance: Periodic Food Diary (Kcal) | 16 Weeks |
| World Health Organization Quality Of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Each question is scored from 1-5 on a response scale | 16 Weeks |
| Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12): Each question is scored between 1-6 on a response scale | 16 Weeks |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL): Each response is scored as either: 0 or 1 | 16 Weeks |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Each correct response is scored as 1 point | 16 Weeks |
| Nutritional Status: Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) - Classified as (Low, Moderate, High risk) | 16 weeks |
| Biochemical: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (mg/L) | 16 Weeks |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed