Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational, Obesity, Periodontal Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Periodontal Disease
Brief summary
This study evaluated the periodontal condition of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients and a healthy non-pregnant control group. For the GDM group all medical data were recorded, including obesity/insulin resistance indicators.
Detailed description
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated to a worse periodontal condition. Many patients with these two diseases are also obese. After delivery, some patients maintain the pre-pregnancy obesity status and this condition is also associated to periodontal disease. The mechanisms involved in the relationship of all these medical and periodontal conditions are not clear.
Interventions
OTHERGestational diabetes mellitus
Sponsors
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 42 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Inclusion criteria for GDM group was pregnant women with diagnosis of GDM based on glucose determination described in a previous study (19) and under medical treatment of an endocrinologist and the presence of at least one tooth per sextant. * Inclusion criteria for control group were absence of periodontal disease, mean age similar to test group and presence of at least one tooth per sextant.
Exclusion criteria
* The
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) measured by a periodontal probe and classified according to severity | One day | Severe periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥ 6mm and ≥1 interproximal site with PPD ≥5mm. Moderate periodontitis was defined by the presence of ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥ 4mm or ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with PPD ≥5mm. Mild periodontitis was defined as ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 3 mm CAL and ≥ 2 interproximal sites in different teeth with ≥ 4 mm PPD or at least 1 site with PPD ≥ 5 mm (20,21). Gingivitis was determined as follows: Subjects were considered healthy if presented PPD ≤3mm/BOP extent scores \< 10% and with gingivitis if presented PPD ≤3mm/ BOP extent scores \>10%. Prevalence of periodontal disease was the sum of gingivitis, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis. |
| Obesity measured by a tape and a scale | one day | Obese if: body mass index - BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 (weight in kilograms, height in meters) Obese if : waist-to-hip ratio - WHR \>0.85 (cm) |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed by an endocrinologist | one day | Diagnosis stablished by a doctor based on glucose determination. The data was registered in the patient's medical chart. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Dyslipidemia as an indicator of obesity/insulin resistance | one day | The data was registered in the patient's medical chart. Dyslipidemia = HDL ≤ 35 mg/dL / LDL≥ 100 mg/dL / Total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL / Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL / VLDL \< 30 mg/dL |
| Leukocytosis as an indicator of inflammation | one day | The data was registered in the patient's medical chart. ≥ 10.000/L |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed