Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Conditions
Brief summary
The standard or usual treatment for this disease consists of two chemotherapy drugs gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel given together.
Detailed description
Durvalumab is a new type of drug for many types of cancer. Laboratory tests show that it works by allowing the immune system to detect cancer and reactivate the immune response. This may halp to slow down the growth of cancer or may cause cancer cells to die. Durvalumab has been shown to shrink tumours in animals and has been studied in a few people and seems promising but it is not clear if it can offer better results than standard treatments alone. Tremelimumab is a new type of drug for various types of cancers. It works in a similar way to durvalumab and may improve the effect of durvalumab. This may also help slow the growth of the cancer cells or may cause cancer cells to die. Tremelimumab has been shown to shrink tumours in animals and has been studied in a few people and seems promising but it is not clear if it can offer better results than standard treatment alone when used with durvalumab. Combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab have also been studied and when combined have been shown to increase tumour shrinkage in animals compared to either drug alone and while the combination has been studied in a few people, it is not clear if it can offer better results than standard treatment.
Interventions
DRUGGemcitabine
DRUGNab-paclitaxel
DRUGDurvalumab
DRUGTremelimumab
Sponsors
AstraZeneca
Canadian Cancer Trials Group
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma which is metastatic. * Must have presence of measurable or evaluable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST 1.1). * Patients must be considered suitable candidates for, and able to receive, first line chemotherapy for metastatic disease with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. * Patient must consent to provision of, and investigator(s) must confirm access to and agree to submit within 4 weeks of randomization to the CCTG Central Tumour Bank, a representative formalin fixed paraffin block of tumour tissue of adequate amount and quality in order that the specific correlative marker assays proscribed in the protocol may be conducted. * Patient must consent to provision of samples of blood, serum and plasma in order that the specific correlative marker assays proscribed may be conducted. * Patients must be ≥ 18 years of age. * Patients must have an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 with a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks. * No prior treatment for metastatic disease is permitted. Patients may have received prior adjuvant chemotherapy if the last dose was given more than 6 months prior to recurrence. Patients may not have received chemoradiotherapy or adjuvant radiation therapy. Patient may not have received nab-paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy. Prior systemic treatment for borderline resectable or locally advanced disease is not permitted. Patients receiving a single dose of radiation (up to 8Gy/800RAD) with palliative intent for pain control are eligible provided a minimum of 14 days have elapsed between the radiation and the date of randomization. * Adequate normal organ and marrow function as defined below (must be done within 14 days prior to registration). Absolute neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L Platelets ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L Hemoglobin ≥90 g/L Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper normal limit AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 x upper normal limit Serum creatinine \<1.25 UNL or Creatinine clearance ≥40mL/min * Imaging investigations including CT/MRI of chest/abdomen/pelvis or other scans as necessary to document all sites of disease done within 28 days prior to randomization. * Patient is able (i.e. sufficiently fluent) and willing to complete the quality of life questionnaires in either English or French. * Patient consent must be appropriately obtained in accordance with applicable local and regulatory requirements. * Patients must be accessible for treatment and follow-up. Patients registered on this trial must be treated and followed at the participating centre. Patients must agree to return to the participating centre for management of any adverse events which may occur through the course of the trial. This implies there must be reasonable geographical limits placed on patients being considered for this trial. Sites are encouraged to contact CCTG (or their respective Cooperative Group for sites outside Canada) for any questions regarding the interpretation of this criterion. Investigators must assure themselves the patients randomized on this trial will be available for complete documentation of the treatment, adverse events, and follow-up. * In accordance with CCTG policy, protocol treatment is to begin within 2 working days of patient randomization. * Women/men of childbearing potential must have agreed to use a highly effective contraceptive method
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with a history of other malignancies, except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in-situ cancer of the cervix, or other solid tumours curatively treated with no evidence of disease for ≥ 5 years. Patients with a history of other malignancies detected at an early stage and whom the investigator believes have been curatively treated and are at a low risk of recurrence MAY be eligible. Contact CCTG to discuss eligibility prior to enrolling. * Any previous treatment with a PD1 or PD-L1 inhibitor, including durvalumab or an anti-CTLA4, including tremelimumab. * History of primary immunodeficiency, history of organ transplant that requires therapeutic immunosuppression or prior history of severe (grade 3 or 4) immune-mediated toxicity from other immune therapy. * Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 28 days before the first planned dose of study therapy, with the exceptions of intranasal and inhaled corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids at physiological doses, which are not to exceed 10 mg/day of prednisone, or an equivalent corticosteroid. * Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (including inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. colitis or Crohn's disease) diverticulitis with the exception of diverticulosis, celiac disease or other serious gastrointestinal chronic conditions associated with diarrhea), systemic lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis syndrome, or Wegener syndrome (granulomatosis with polyangitis), rheumatoid arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc. within the past 3 years prior to the start of treatment. The following are exceptions to this criterion: * Patients with alopecia * Patients with Grave's disease, vitiligo or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment (within the last 2 years). * Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g. following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on hormone replacement. NOTE: Patients with vitiligo, Grave's disease, or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment (within the past 2 years) are not excluded. * Patients with active or uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to: * cardiac dysfunction (symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia); * active peptic ulcer disease or gastritis; * active bleeding diatheses; * psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements or compromise the ability of the subject to give written informed consent; * known history of previous clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis; * known human immunodeficiency virus infection (positive HIV 1/2 antibodies); * known active hepatitis B infection (positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)). Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as presence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and absence of HBsAg) are eligible; * known active hepatitis C infection. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV RNA. * History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. * Symptomatic or uncontrolled brain metastases requiring concurrent treatment, inclusive of but not limited to surgery, radiation and/or corticosteroids. * Receipt of live attenuated vaccination (examples include, but are not limited to, vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella, live attenuated influenza vaccine (nasal), chicken pox vaccine, oral polio vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, BCG vaccine, typhoid vaccine and typhus vaccine) within 30 days prior to randomization. * Pregnant or lactating women. * Any active disease condition which would render the protocol treatment dangerous or impair the ability of the patient to receive protocol therapy. * Any condition (e.g. psychological, geographical, etc.) that does not permit compliance with the protocol. * History of hypersensitivity to gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, durvalumab or tremelimumab or any excipient.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | 35 months | Time from randomization to death from any cause with patients who were alive at the time of the final analysis or who became lost to follow-up censored at their last date known to be alive. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression Free Survival | 35 months | Defined as the time from randomization to the first objective documentation of disease progression, defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions, or death due to any cause with patients who had not progressed or died at the time of final analysis censored on the date of the last tumour assessment. |
| Objective Response Rate | 35 months | Defined as percentage of participants with objective response over all participants randomized. Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Objective Response (OR) = CR + PR. |
Countries
Canada
Participant flow
Recruitment details
From April 10, 2017 to July 28, 2018 in 25 cancer centres in Canada
Pre-assignment details
There was a run-in phase of this study which accrued the first patient on August 22, 2016, which can be considered as start date of this study. Only patients recruited from April 10, 2017 to July 28, 2018 into the randomized phase II component of the study were included in the analysis.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV & Nab-Paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 until unequivocal progression or unacceptable toxicity. Days 1, 8, 15 Q28 days.
Gemcitabine
Nab-paclitaxel | 61 |
| Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV & Nab-Paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 until unequivocal progression or unacceptable toxicity. Day 1, 8, 15 Q28 days.
plus Durvalumab 1500mg IV day 1 only Q28 days; and Tremelimumab 75 mg IV Days 1 cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4 only until unequivocal progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Gemcitabine
Nab-paclitaxel
Durvalumab
Tremelimumab | 119 |
| Total | 180 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel | Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 65 years | 64 years | 65 years |
| Age, Customized 65 years or older | 34 Participants | 58 Participants | 92 Participants |
| Age, Customized Younger than 65 years | 27 Participants | 61 Participants | 88 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 | 14 Participants | 27 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 1 | 47 Participants | 92 Participants | 139 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 6 Participants | 10 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 55 Participants | 105 Participants | 160 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Canada | 61 participants | 119 participants | 180 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 35 Participants | 52 Participants | 87 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 26 Participants | 67 Participants | 93 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 52 / 58 | 102 / 119 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 57 / 58 | 118 / 119 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 26 / 58 | 82 / 119 |
Outcome results
Primary
Overall Survival
Time from randomization to death from any cause with patients who were alive at the time of the final analysis or who became lost to follow-up censored at their last date known to be alive.
Time frame: 35 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel | Overall Survival | 8.8 months |
| Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab | Overall Survival | 9.8 months |
p-value: 0.7290% CI: [0.71, 1.25]Log Rank
Secondary
Objective Response Rate
Defined as percentage of participants with objective response over all participants randomized. Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Objective Response (OR) = CR + PR.
Time frame: 35 months
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel | Objective Response Rate | Responded | 14 Participants |
| Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel | Objective Response Rate | Not responded | 47 Participants |
| Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab | Objective Response Rate | Responded | 36 Participants |
| Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab | Objective Response Rate | Not responded | 83 Participants |
p-value: 0.2890% CI: [0.81, 2.72]Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
Secondary
Progression Free Survival
Defined as the time from randomization to the first objective documentation of disease progression, defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions, or death due to any cause with patients who had not progressed or died at the time of final analysis censored on the date of the last tumour assessment.
Time frame: 35 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel | Progression Free Survival | 5.4 months |
| Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel + Durvalumab + Tremelimumab | Progression Free Survival | 5.5 months |
p-value: 0.9190% CI: [0.75, 1.29]Log Rank