Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer, Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a prospective, randomized, open-label phase 2 study in patients with metastatic PC or BTC refractory or intolerant to at least one line of prior systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine or platinum-containing regimens to determine the efficacy and safety of nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab administered concurrently with high dose RT. Patients with metastatic PC or BTC who are feasible candidates for radiation and biopsy of primary and/or metastatic lesions will be included.
Detailed description
This was a randomized phase II trial conducted at Herlev & Gentofte Hospital. Patients were stratified according to PS and randomized into two arms (1:1) (Appendix Figure A1 and Data Supplement, online only). Patients received SBRT consisting of 15 Gy (day 1) to a single primary or metastatic lesion with 3 mg/kg of intravenous nivolumab (IV) on day 1 and every 2 weeks (q2w) (Arm A), or SBRT consisting of 15 Gy (day 1) with 3 mg/kg of IV nivolumab (day 1) q2w and 1 mg/kg of IV ipilimumab on day 1 and every 6 weeks (Arm B). A safety phase involving a run-in assessment of three patients from each arm (n = 6) was followed by the expansion phase. The patients were monitored for dose-limiting toxicities prior to the expansion. Treatment was continued for a maximum of 52 weeks or until progressive disease (PD), unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or clear clinical deterioration according to the investigator's judgment.
Interventions
DRUGIpilimumab
1 mg/kg is given over 90 minutes I.V. on day 1 30 minutes after the completion of nivolumab infusion and then every 6 weeks IV (q6w)
RADIATIONRadiotherapy
15 Gy x 1 fraction given on day 1
DRUGNivolumab
3 mg/kg is given over 60 minutes I.V. on day 1 just after radiation and then every 2 weeks (q2w)
Sponsors
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Herlev Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Signed informed consent * Subjects must have signed and dated an IRB/IEC approved written informed consent form in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines. This must be obtained before the performance of any protocol related procedures that are not part of normal subject care * Subjects must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment schedule, laboratory testing, and other requirements of the study * Histopathological confirmation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma or BTC prior to entering this study OR histopathological confirmation of carcinoma in the setting of clinical and radiological characteristics which, together with the pathology, are consistent with a diagnosis of PC or BTC * At least one measurable primary in-situ (or locally-recurrent) or metastatic tumor must be present and, in the opinion of radiation oncologist, be amenable to RT as planned in the protocol and at least one additional metastatic tumor that will not undergo RT and which is measurable according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Both lesions must be accessible for image-guided percutaneous biopsy * There is no upper limit on the number of prior chemotherapy regimens received. Patients must have received and failed or intolerance to at least one line of prior systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine or platinum-containing regimens for unresectable and/or metastatic PC or BTC * Age \> 18 years and older * Life expectancy greater than 3 months * ECOG/WHO Performance Status (PS) 0-1 * Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below: * White blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 2 x 10⁹/L * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 10⁹/L * Hemoglobin ≥ 5,6 mmol/l * Platelet count ≥ 100 x 10⁹/L * Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (patients with Gilbert's Syndrome must have a total bilirubin \< 3.0 mg/dL) * ASAT/ALAT ≤ 3 x ULN ( \< 5 x ULN if known liver metastasis) * PP ≥ 40 or INR ≤ 1.5 * Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or CrCl ≥ 40 mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) * Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must use method(s) of contraception as indicated per protocol. For a teratogenic study drug and/or when there is insufficient information to assess teratogenicity (preclinical studies have not been done), a highly effective method(s) of contraception (failure rate of less than 1% per year) is required. The individual methods of contraception and duration should be determined in consultation with the investigator. WOCBP must follow instructions for birth control when the half-life of the investigational drug is greater than 24 hours, contraception should be continued for a period of 30 days plus the time required for the investigational drug to undergo five half-lives. The half-life of nivolumab and ipilimumab is up to 25 days and 18 days, respectively. WOCBP should therefore use an adequate method to avoid pregnancy for 23 weeks (30 days plus the time required for nivolumab to undergo five half-lives) after the last dose of investigational drug. * WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of nivolumab * Women must not be breastfeeding * Men who are sexually active with WOCBP must use any contraceptive method with a failure rate of less than 1% per year The investigator shall review contraception methods and the time period that contraception must be followed. Men that are sexually active with WOCBP must follow instructions for birth control when the half-life of the investigational drug is greater than 24 hours, contraception should be continued for a period of 90 days plus the time required for the investigational drug to undergo five half-lives. The half-life of nivolumab and ipilimumab is up to 25 days and 18 days, respectively. Men who are sexually active with WOCBP must continue contraception for 31 weeks (90 days plus the time required for nivolumab to undergo five half lives) after the last dose of investigational drug. Women who are not of childbearing potential (ie, who are postmenopausal or surgically sterile as well as azoospermic men do not require contraception * Subjects must have signed and dated a BIOPAC IRB/IEC approved written informed consent form and patients with BTC must have signed and dated a CHOCA in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines. This must be obtained before the performance of any protocol related procedures that are not part of normal subject care
Exclusion criteria
* Malignant ascites that is clinically detectable by physical examination or is symptomatic. Evidence of radiographic ascites that is not clinically significant will not be
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical benefit rate (CBR) | 6 months | Stable disease (SD) or complete response (CR) or partial response (PR)according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CBR | 6 months | CBR according to modified immune-related Response Criteria (irRC) |
| Overall response rate (ORR) according to RECIST 1.1 | 6 months | PR or CR according to RECIST 1.1 |
| Overall response rate (ORR) according to modified irRC | 6 months | PR or CR according to modified irRC |
| Progression free survival (PFS) per RECIST 1.1 | 6 months | Time from the date of randomization until the date of PD determined by investigator assessment of objective radiographic disease assessments per RECIST 1.1, or death due to any cause if sooner |
| Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events [Safety] | 12 months | Assessment based on AEs, SAEs, laboratory abnormalities |
| Overall survival (OS) probability at 6 months | 6 months | The Kaplan-Meier estimate of proportion of patients that survived from the date of randomization by 6 months |
| OS | 12 months | Time from the date of randomization until death due to any cause |
| QoL | 12 months | Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 Version 3.0 |
| Progression free survival (PFS) per modified irRC | 6 months | Time from the date of randomization until the date of PD determined by investigator assessment of objective radiographic disease assessments per modified irRC, or death due to any cause if sooner |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed