Affect
Conditions
Brief summary
Using a within-subject design, 42 healthy participants were randomly exposed to three different conditions: outdoor mountain hiking, indoor treadmill walking, and sedentary control situation (3.5 hours each). Measures included the Feeling Scale, Felt Arousal Scale and a Mood Survey Scale. Univariate ANOVAs were used to analyse differences between the conditions.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALwalking
DEVICETreadmill
Sponsors
Paracelsus Medical University
Universitaet Innsbruck
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* voluntary participation
Exclusion criteria
* pregnancy * breast-feeding * chronic or acute diseases (already existing or diagnosed during the study) * age below 18 and above 70 years * unable to be physically active assessed by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (Shephard, Thomas, & Weller, 1991)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | baseline and 3 hours | Mood Survey Scale, min: 5, max: 25 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
| Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | baseline and 3 hours after baseline | Feeling Scale, min: -5, max: +5 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
| Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | baseline and 3 hours after baseline | Felt Arousal Scale, min: 0, max: 6 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | baseline and 3 hours | All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
| Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours | baseline and 3 hours | All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
| Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | baseline and 3 hours | All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention. |
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
As the project was a randomized crossover study, all participants were exposed to all three conditions.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| All Study Participants | 42 |
| Total | 42 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 | FG004 | FG005 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washout (1 Week) | acute illness (not connected with the study) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | All Study Participants |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 32 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 |
| Region of Enrollment Austria | 42 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 20 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 22 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 | 0 / 42 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours
Feeling Scale, min: -5, max: +5 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours after baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | 1.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | 0.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.07 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Feeling Scale at 3 Hours | -0.81 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.77 |
Primary
Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours
Felt Arousal Scale, min: 0, max: 6 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours after baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | 0.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | -0.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Felt Arousal Scale at 3 Hours | -0.57 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.06 |
Primary
Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours
Mood Survey Scale, min: 5, max: 25 higher score: better outcome All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | 0.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.73 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | -1.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.79 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Subscales of Mood Survey Scale at 3 Hours | -2.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.84 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours
All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | -6.08 mmHg | Standard Deviation 10.16 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | -4.53 mmHg | Standard Deviation 8.32 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Blood Pressure at 3 Hours | -1.83 mmHg | Standard Deviation 9.81 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling)
All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | -2.98 nmol/l | Standard Deviation 3.49 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | -3.12 nmol/l | Standard Deviation 3.41 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Cortisol at 3 Hours (Saliva Sampling) | -2.00 nmol/l | Standard Deviation 2.85 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours
All Outcome Measures are reported per intervention, i.e., the data in Arms/Groups reflect the participants of the particular intervention.
Time frame: baseline and 3 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Mountain Hiking (M) | Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours | 10.16 ms | Standard Deviation 46.43 |
| Indoor Treadmill Walking (T) | Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours | 5.75 ms | Standard Deviation 31.14 |
| Sedentary Control Condition (C) | Change From Baseline Heart Rate Variability at 3 Hours | 15.06 ms | Standard Deviation 21.45 |