Chronic Periodontitis
Conditions
Keywords
Er-YAG lasers, Nd-YAG lasers, chronic periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal debridement
Brief summary
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planning with hand instruments in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Detailed description
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planning with hand instruments in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.Twenty-five systemically healthy patients with moderate-to-advanced periodontal destruction were selected for this study. The quadrants were randomly allocated in a split-mouth design to either combined Er:YAG (160 mj/pulse, and 10 Hz) and Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ/pulse, and 20 Hz) therapy (test group) or scaling root planning using hand instruments (control group). At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (%) (BOP), were performed and gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were taken. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and a novel automatic colorimetric method. Quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures.
Interventions
DEVICEPeriodontal curettes
DEVICEEr-YAG+Nd-YAG lasers
Sponsors
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Izmir Katip Celebi University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
split-mouth
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* The patients had ≥4 teeth per quadrant with probing depth (PD) of ≥5 mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) of ≥4 mm, and radiographic signs of alveolar bone loss. These individuals also had bleeding on probing (BOP) at \>80% of the proximal sites.
Exclusion criteria
* Periodontal treatment received for the last 1 year; systemic diseases that could influence the outcome of the therapy, pregnancy, smoking, immunosuppressive chemotherapy; and use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs for the last 6 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Baseline, 1 and 3 months | Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 1 month Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 3 month |
| Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Baseline, 1 and 3 months | Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 1 month. Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 3 month. |
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Split-mouth design (test and control in the same patient).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Combined Er:YAG+ Nd:YAG Laser Versus Scaling Root Planing One side (left or right) of the mouth received Er:YAG+Nd:YAG laser therapy (test group) and other side received scaling and root planing with hand instruments (control group) | 25 |
| Total | 25 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Combined Er:YAG+ Nd:YAG Laser Versus Scaling Root Planing |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 1 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 24 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Turkey | 25 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 10 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 25 | 0 / 25 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 25 | 0 / 25 |
Outcome results
Primary
Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD)
Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 1 month. Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 3 month.
Time frame: Baseline, 1 and 3 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Change in CAL at 1 month | 3.74 mm | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Control Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Change in CAL at 3 months | 3.98 mm | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Test Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Change in CAL at 1 month | 4.23 mm | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Test Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Change in CAL at 3 months | 4.66 mm | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
Primary
Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm)
Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 1 month Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 3 month
Time frame: Baseline, 1 and 3 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Change in CAL at 1 month | 2.07 mm | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Control Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Change in CAL at 3 months | 2.06 mm | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Test Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Change in CAL at 1 month | 2.12 mm | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Test Group | Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Change in CAL at 3 months | 2.09 mm | Standard Deviation 1.07 |