Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized, multicenter, Phase III, open-label study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of alectinib versus crizotinib and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of alectinib in asian participants with treatment-naive ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Participants will be randomized 2:1 into one of the two treatment groups to receive either alectinib (600 milligrams \[mg\] twice daily \[BID\]) or crizotinib (250 mg BID) orally, respectively.
Interventions
DRUGAlectinib
Alectinib capsules will be administered orally at a dose of 600 mg BID until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity withdrawal of consent, or death.
DRUGCrizotinib
Crizotinib capsules will be administered orally at a dose of 250 mg BID until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity withdrawal of consent, or death.
Sponsors
Hoffmann-La Roche
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced or recurrent (Stage IIIB not amenable for multimodality treatment) or metastatic (Stage IV) NSCLC that is ALK-positive as assessed by the Ventana immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. Sufficient tumor tissue available to perform ALK IHC is required. Ventana IHC testing will be performed at the designated central laboratory * Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0-2 * No history of receiving systemic treatment for advanced, recurrent (Stage IIIB not amenable for multimodality treatment) or metastatic (Stage IV) NSCLC * Adequate hematologic function: Platelet count greater than equal to (\>=) 100×10\^9 per liter (/L); absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=1500 cells per microliter (cells/mcL); hemoglobin\>=9.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) * Adequate renal function: an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula of \>=45 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meter * Participants must have recovered from effects of any major surgery or significant traumatic injury at least 28 days before receiving the first dose of study treatment * Measurable disease (by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 \[RECIST v1.1\]) before administration of study treatment * Previous brain or leptomeningeal metastases are allowed if the participant is asymptomatic (e.g., diagnosed incidentally at study baseline). Asymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) lesions may be treated at the discretion of the investigator as per local clinical practice. If participant has neurological symptoms or signs because of CNS metastasis, the participant must complete whole-brain radiation or gamma knife irradiation treatment. In all cases, radiation treatment must be completed \>=14 days before enrollment and disease must be clinically stable * For all females of childbearing potential, a negative serum pregnancy test result must be obtained within 3 days prior to starting study treatment * For women who are not postmenopausal (\>=12 months of non-therapy-induced amenorrhea) or surgically sterile (absence of ovaries and/or uterus), agreement to remain abstinent or use single or combined contraceptive methods that result in a failure rate of \<1% per year during the treatment period and for at least 3 months after the last dose of study drug. Abstinence is acceptable only if it is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \<1% per year include tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal implants, established, proper use of combined oral or injected hormonal contraceptives, and certain intrauterine devices. Alternatively, two methods (e.g., two barrier methods such as a condom and a cervical cap) may be combined to achieve a failure rate of \<1% per year. Barrier methods must always be supplemented with the use of a spermicide * For men, agreement to remain abstinent or use a condom plus an additional contraceptive method that together result in a failure rate of \<1% per year during the treatment period and for at least 3 months after the last dose of study drug. Abstinence is acceptable only if it is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception
Exclusion criteria
* A malignancy within the previous 3 years (other than curatively treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin, early gastrointestinal (GI) cancer by endoscopic resection, in situ carcinoma of the cervix, or any cured cancer that is considered to have no impact in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) for the current NSCLC) * Any GI disorder that may affect absorption of oral medications, such as malabsorption syndrome or status post-major bowel resection * Liver disease characterized by: * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than (\>) 3× the upper limit of normal (ULN; \>=5×ULN for participants with concurrent liver metastases) confirmed on two consecutive measurements; or * Impaired excretory function (e.g., hyperbilirubinemia), synthetic function, or other conditions of decompensated liver disease such as coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, hypoalbuminemia, ascites, and bleeding from esophageal varices; or * Acute viral or active autoimmune, alcoholic, or other types of hepatitis * National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 Grade 3 or higher toxicities because of any previous therapy (e.g., radiotherapy) (excluding alopecia), which have not shown improvement and are strictly considered to interfere with current study medication * History of organ transplant * Co-administration of anti-cancer therapies other than those administered in this study * Baseline QTc \>470 ms or symptomatic bradycardia * Administration of strong/potent cytochrome P4503A inhibitors or inducers within 14 days prior to the receiving the first dose of study treatment and during treatment with alectinib or crizotinib * Administration of agents with potential QT interval prolonging effects within 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of study drug * History of hypersensitivity to any of the additives in the alectinib or crizotinib drug formulation * Pregnant or lactating * Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-positivity or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illness * Any clinically significant concomitant disease or condition that could interfere with, or for which the treatment might interfere with, the conduct of the study or the absorption of oral medications or that would, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, pose an unacceptable risk to the participant in this study * Any psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical condition that potentially hampers compliance with the study protocol requirements or follow-up procedures; those conditions should be discussed with the participant before study entry
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Determined by Investigator Using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) v1.1 | From the date of randomization to the date of the first documented disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | PFS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression, as determined by the investigators, or to death from any cause, whichever occurred first. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PFS as Determined by Independent Review Committee (IRC) Using RECIST v1.1 | Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | PFS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression, as determined by an independent review committee, or to death from any cause, whichever occurred first. |
| Percentage of Participants With Objective Response of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) as Determined by Investigator Using RECIST v1.1 | Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Time to Progression of Disease in the CNS as Determined by IRC Using RECIST v1.1 | Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Time to Progression of Disease in the CNS as Determined by IRC Using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) | Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Duration of Response (DOR) Assessed by Investigator Using RECIST v1.1 | Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Overall Survival Time | Baseline, until death (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | Up to overall period of approximately 40 months | An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study are also considered as adverse events. |
| Time to Deterioration Assessed Using EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core (QLQ-C30) Score | Baseline, Week 4, thereafter every 4 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Time to Deterioration Assessed Using EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer Module (QLQ-LC13) Score | Baseline, Week 4, thereafter every 4 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months) | — |
| Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug) | AUC was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time. |
| Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug) | Cmax was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time. |
| Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug) | Tmax was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time. |
Countries
China, South Korea, Thailand
Contacts
STUDY_DIRECTORClinical Trials
Hoffmann-La Roche
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Asian adult participants with treatment-naive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive advanced, recurrent, or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled at 21 study sites in 3 countries - China, Korea, and Thailand.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Alectinib Participants received alectinib capsules orally at a dose of 600 mg twice a day (BID) with food until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity withdrawal of consent, or death. | 125 |
| Crizotinib Participants received crizotinib capsules orally at a dose of 250 mg BID with or without food until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or death. | 62 |
| Total | 187 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Alectinib | Crizotinib |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 50.7 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 | 50.5 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.3 | 51.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 184 Participants | 124 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 187 Participants | 125 Participants | 62 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 89 Participants | 61 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 98 Participants | 64 Participants | 34 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 8 / 125 | 13 / 62 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 124 / 125 | 62 / 62 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 19 / 125 | 16 / 62 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Determined by Investigator Using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) v1.1
PFS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression, as determined by the investigators, or to death from any cause, whichever occurred first.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of the first documented disease progression or death, whichever occurred first (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Population: The primary analysis population for efficacy was the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, defined as all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Alectinib | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Determined by Investigator Using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) v1.1 | NA Months |
| Crizotinib | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Determined by Investigator Using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) v1.1 | 11.1 Months |
Secondary
Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite
AUC was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug)
Population: The PK evaluable population for this outcome measure was a subset of frequent-sampling Chinese participants who received any dose of alectinib, and who had at least one quantifiable post-baseline PK sample available. This outcome measure was specific to the alectinib arm, and no data was collected from participants in the crizotinib arm.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alectinib | Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Baseline | 471 Hours*nanogram/milliliter (hr*ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 243 |
| Alectinib | Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Week 4 | 7760 Hours*nanogram/milliliter (hr*ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 3270 |
| Alectinib | Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Week 4 | 2890 Hours*nanogram/milliliter (hr*ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 1130 |
| Alectinib | Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Baseline | 1590 Hours*nanogram/milliliter (hr*ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 852 |
Secondary
Duration of Response (DOR) Assessed by Investigator Using RECIST v1.1
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite
Cmax was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug)
Population: The PK evaluable population for this outcome measure was a subset of frequent-sampling Chinese participants who received any dose of alectinib, and who had at least one quantifiable post-baseline PK sample available. This outcome measure was specific to the alectinib arm, and no data was collected from participants in the crizotinib arm.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alectinib | Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Baseline | 255 Nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 130 |
| Alectinib | Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Baseline | 71.4 Nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 33.5 |
| Alectinib | Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Week 4 | 861 Nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 332 |
| Alectinib | Maximum Plasma Concentration Observed (Cmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Week 4 | 306 Nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 111 |
Secondary
Overall Survival Time
Time frame: Baseline, until death (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study are also considered as adverse events.
Time frame: Up to overall period of approximately 40 months
Population: The safety population was defined as all participants who received at least one dose of study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alectinib | Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | Serious Adverse Events | 15.2 Percentage of Participants |
| Alectinib | Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | Non-Serious Adverse Events | 99.2 Percentage of Participants |
| Crizotinib | Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | Serious Adverse Events | 25.8 Percentage of Participants |
| Crizotinib | Percentage of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | Non-Serious Adverse Events | 100.0 Percentage of Participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Objective Response of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) as Determined by Investigator Using RECIST v1.1
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
PFS as Determined by Independent Review Committee (IRC) Using RECIST v1.1
PFS was defined as the time (in months) from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression, as determined by an independent review committee, or to death from any cause, whichever occurred first.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite
Tmax was collected for both alectinib and its major metabolite, M4, and was based on their concentrations in plasma over time.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4 predose (within 2 hours before administration of study drug)
Population: The PK evaluable population for this outcome measure was a subset of frequent-sampling Chinese participants who received any dose of alectinib, and who had at least one quantifiable post-baseline PK sample available. This outcome measure was specific to the alectinib arm, and no data was collected from participants in the crizotinib arm.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alectinib | Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Baseline | 5.61 Hour (hr) | Standard Deviation 3.02 |
| Alectinib | Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Baseline | 8.19 Hour (hr) | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Alectinib | Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | Alectinib Week 4 | 4.30 Hour (hr) | Standard Deviation 2.45 |
| Alectinib | Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Alectinib and Its Metabolite | M4 Week 4 | 4.11 Hour (hr) | Standard Deviation 3.06 |
Secondary
Time to Deterioration Assessed Using EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core (QLQ-C30) Score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, thereafter every 4 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Time to Deterioration Assessed Using EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer Module (QLQ-LC13) Score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, thereafter every 4 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Time to Progression of Disease in the CNS as Determined by IRC Using RECIST v1.1
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)
Secondary
Time to Progression of Disease in the CNS as Determined by IRC Using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8, thereafter every 8 weeks until disease progression, death or withdrawal from the study and 4 weeks after permanent discontinuation (up to overall period of approximately 40 months)