Cognitive Dysfunction, Memory Impairment
Conditions
Keywords
Donepezil, Cognition, Breast Cancer
Brief summary
This study is to compare the safety and effects of donepezil (Aricept) for patients reporting cognitive or memory issues after receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Patients will receive either donepezil or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary objective is to see if memory improves with the use of donepezil during the study.
Detailed description
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 24 weeks of exposure to drug or placebo followed by a 12 week wash-out period. Patients who meet the eligibility criteria will be stratified by age (\<50, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70) and randomized to donepezil or placebo with equal probability. A total of 276 patients will be enrolled (138 per arm). We expect an accrual rate of 7-10 participants per month based on our prior feasibility study. We expect the study to be complete within 40 months. Participants will be asked to take one 5mg tablet of donepezil or one tablet of matching placebo orally once a day for 6 weeks followed by two 5mg tablets (10mg total) of donepezil or two placebo tablets orally once a day for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period. Time points for performing study assessments. Participants will be administered the cognitive battery of tests and questionnaires at baseline, week 12, week 24 and week 36. In addition, a single vial of blood will be drawn at baseline for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and subsequent bioassays (pending supplemental funding).
Interventions
DRUGDonepezil 5 mg
Participants will be asked to take one 5 mg tablet of donepezil daily for 6 weeks followed by two 5mg tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period.
DRUGPlacebo
Participants will be asked to take one tablet of matching placebo daily for 6 weeks followed by two tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Women ≥18 years old with history of invasive breast cancer * Must have completed at least 4 cycles of adjuvant/neo-adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy between 1 and 5 years prior to registration (Ongoing herceptin or other chronic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) directed therapies are allowed). * Patients receiving ongoing hormonal therapy for breast cancer must be on the same hormonal agent for at least 3 months prior to study registration and plan to continue for the duration of the study (9 months) * Use of psychotropic medications (anti-depressants, anxiolytics, sleeping aids, narcotics) is permitted (patient will be asked to list any that have been taken within the last 3 days on the recent medication sheet) if dose is stable over previous 12 weeks. Patients who were previously on one of these psychotropic medications and have subsequently discontinued the drug must have been off the medication for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment. Patients who have been on a psychotropic medication for at least 12 weeks but have recently switched to a medicine in the same class (for example, switching from one selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant to a different SSRI antidepressant) need to be on a stable dose of the new medication for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment to be eligible. * Self-reported cognitive problem plus a measured memory deficit (score \<7 on single trial of Eligibility Pre-screen Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R) Form 3). * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. * Must be able to speak English. * Patients currently taking a moderate risk corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation medication (see Appendix A) are allowed if one of the following criteria are met: 1) The moderate risk QTc prolongation medication is stopped. The patient should be off the moderate risk QTc prolongation medication for at least 5 half-lives before starting study drug. 2) Patients that continue using a moderate risk QTc prolongation medication must have a normal QTc interval (≤ 460 milliseconds) on a screening ECG following informed consent and prior to study enrollment. These patients will also be monitored at designated study follow-up visits per Section 7.5 (monitored 3-7 days after initiating study drug, at week 3, and 3-7 days after the study drug dose increase with ECG's to assess the QTc interval; the QTc level must be ≤ 500 milliseconds at these time points in order to continue on the study drug). 3) Moderate risk QTc prolongation medications that are only taken occasionally may be stopped at the discretion of the treating site physician. Patients must be off medication for at least 5 half-lives prior to starting study drug to be eligible. * Patients currently taking a moderate risk bradycardia-causing agent (see Appendix B) are allowed if one of the following criteria are met: 1) The moderate risk bradycardia-causing agent is stopped. The patient should be off the moderate risk bradycardia-causing agent for at least 5 half-lives before starting study drug. 2) Patients that continue using a moderate risk bradycardia-causing agent must have a resting heart rate ≥ 55 beats per minute at screening following informed consent. These patients' resting heart rate will be monitored 3-7 days after initiating study drug, at week 3, and 3-7 days after the study drug dose increase per Section 7.5. 3) Moderate risk bradycardia-causing agents that are only taken occasionally may be stopped at the discretion of the treating site physician. Patients must be off medication for at least 5 half-lives prior to starting study drug to be eligible.
Exclusion criteria
* Evidence or suspected recurrent or metastatic disease. * Prior brain irradiation is not allowed. * Planned therapy (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy) while on the study for brain and/or extracranial primary/metastatic disease. * Hypersensitivity to donepezil or piperidine derivatives * Current use of ceritinib * Current use of Succinylcholine/Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors(as listed in Appendix C). For patients who have used these medications, they must not have used them within 4 weeks prior to enrollment. * Current use of high-risk QTc prolonging medication(s). See Appendix D * Current use of quinidine or systemic ketoconazole (topical ketoconazole is acceptable to use while on study). * History of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia or clinically significant Cerebrovascular Accident (history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) is allowed). * Current use of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine, memantine, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, or any other specific cognition enhancing drug(s). For patients who have used these medications, they must not have used them within 4 weeks prior to pre-screening. Patients who plan to start taking a cognition enhancing drug while on this study are also excluded. * History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to donepezil. Hypersensitivity to donepezil. * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia. * Major medical conditions that affect cognition, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, acute severe fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. * Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements including but not limited to a history of schizophrenia, psychosis or substance abuse. * Untreated current severe depression. Currently treated depression is permitted if treatment is stable. * Patients with a resting heart rate less than 55 beats per minute, seizure disorder or peptic ulcer disease (PUD). * History of congenital long QT syndrome or torsades de pointes. * Screening QTc of \> 460 milliseconds will make the patient ineligible. * Pregnant women are excluded from this study. Following informed consent, women of child-bearing potential will be screened with a serum or urine pregnancy test within 10 days of enrollment. The effects of donepezil on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because donepezil is known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately. * It is unknown whether donepezil is excreted in breast milk, for this reason women who are currently breast-feeding are not eligible for this study. * On another intervention study involving medication at the time of enrollment or during participation in this study. (Exception: Patients will remain eligible for this study if they are also enrolled on the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology study (NCT02927249): Aspirin in Preventing Recurrence of Cancer in Patients with HER2 Negative Stage II-III Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy, Surgery, and/or Radiation Therapy. Studies that involve only blood draws or questionnaires are also permitted.) * Use of investigational drugs likely to affect cognition within 30 days prior to pre-screening visit.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R): The HVLT-R measures verbal learning and memory. It consists of a 12-item word list which is read to patients on three successive learning trials. Free recall scores are recorded for each learning trial. After a 20-minute interval during which patients complete other non-interfering tasks and questionnaires they are asked to recall the target words. Range is 0-36 with higher values representing better verbal learning and memory. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | This self-report scale assesses fatigue. Scale ranges from 7 to 35 converted to T-scale ranging 29.4 to 83.2 Higher scores representing more fatigue. |
| FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | The FACT-Cog is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) that includes subscales to measure Perceived Cognitive Impairment (PCI, n = 20 items, score range 0-80). Higher FACT-Cog PCI scores are better and indicate less cognitive impairment. |
| Digit Symbol Coding Results | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | The digit symbol coding (DSC) test measures processing speed, working memory, visuospatial processing, and attention. The DSC test measures processing speed. It requires respondents to transcribe symbols (e.g., \>) associated with a number (0-9) into empty boxes beneath a series of randomly ordered numbers. Total score is number of correctly transcribed symbols in 2 minutes. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher cognitive function. |
| Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | TMT Part A consists of 25 circles on a piece of paper with the numbers 1 to 25 written randomly in each. For Part A, the person is tasked with drawing a line from one circle to the next in ascending numerical order, from 1 to 25, as quickly as possible. The lines between the circles are referred to as the trail. Range 1-300 in seconds. Lower values indicate completing task faster with less difficulty. It is a measure of executive functioning with lower values being better. TMT Part B also consists of 25 circles on a piece of paper, But, rather than all of the circles containing numbers, they contain numbers (1 to 12) and letters (A through L). For Part B, the person is tasked with connecting the circles in ascending order, alternating back and forth from numbers to letters. In other words, the trail would be connected like this:1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E-6-F-7-G-8-H-9-I-10-J-11-K-12-L-13. The range 1-300 seconds. Higher values indicate worse executive functioning. |
| Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | The Digit Span Task (Backwards-Only Version) measures working memory. On each question the participant repeats the numbers in reverse order of that presented aloud by the examiner (e.g., If the examiner says 5-6, the correct response would be 6-5; If the examiner says 5-1-7-4-2-3-8, the correct response would be 8-3-2-4-7-1-5). Score is 0 to 16 with higher scores representing better working memory. |
| Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36 | The Controlled Oral Word Association Test from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is a verbal fluency test in which participants are asked to say as many words as possible from a given category and in a specified timeframe (typically 60 seconds). Scores are the sum of all acceptable words. Minimum is 0 with no specified maximum; higher values represent better verbal fluency. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
All eligible patients that consented to participate were enrolled and randomized.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Donepezil Participants will be asked to take one 5 mg tablet of donepezil daily for 6 weeks followed by two 5 mg tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period.
Donepezil 5 mg: Participants will be asked to take one 5 mg tablet of donepezil daily for 6 weeks followed by two 5mg tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period. | 140 |
| Placebo Participants will be asked to take one tablet of matching placebo daily for 6 weeks followed by two tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period.
Placebo: Participants will be asked to take one tablet of matching placebo daily for 6 weeks followed by two tablets daily for 18 weeks. After 24 weeks, participants will begin a 12 week wash-out period. | 136 |
| Total | 276 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Disease Progression | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 5 | 3 |
| Overall Study | No reason given | 6 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 6 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Too sick or ill | 2 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 9 | 5 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Donepezil | Total | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized Age 50-59 years | 52 Participants | 102 Participants | 50 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age 60-69 years | 36 Participants | 69 Participants | 33 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age 70 years or older | 17 Participants | 35 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Age, Customized Age Less than 50 years old | 35 Participants | 70 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 30.9 kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.5 | 31.0 kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.7 | 31.1 kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9 |
| Chemotherapy Received Anthracycline, cytoxan, and taxane with or without capecitabine | 63 Participants | 126 Participants | 63 Participants |
| Chemotherapy Received Carboplatin and taxane only | 25 Participants | 51 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Chemotherapy Received Other combinations | 22 Participants | 38 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Chemotherapy Received Taxane and cytoxan only | 30 Participants | 61 Participants | 31 Participants |
| Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) | 34.7 score on scale 0 to no specified maximum STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 | 34.7 score on scale 0 to no specified maximum STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.2 | 34.8 score on scale 0 to no specified maximum STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 |
| Currently taking hormonal therapy No | 45 Participants | 84 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Currently taking hormonal therapy Yes | 95 Participants | 192 Participants | 97 Participants |
| Digit Span Test Backward | 6.4 score on a scale 0-16 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 | 6.5 score on a scale 0-16 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 | 6.8 score on a scale 0-16 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 |
| Digit Symbol Coding | 64.2 scores on a scale 0-100 STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.3 | 62.9 scores on a scale 0-100 STANDARD_DEVIATION 17 | 61.6 scores on a scale 0-100 STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.5 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 12 Participants | 17 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 128 Participants | 259 Participants | 131 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Highest level of Education Completed College degree | 30 Participants | 53 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Highest level of Education Completed High School Graduate/GED or less | 28 Participants | 48 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Highest level of Education Completed Post graduate work or degree | 16 Participants | 37 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Highest level of Education Completed Prefer not to answer or unknown | 11 Participants | 26 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Highest level of Education Completed Some college/vocational training | 55 Participants | 112 Participants | 57 Participants |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised (HVLT-R): Delayed Recall | 8.3 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2 | 8.3 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 | 8.2 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised (HVLT-R): Discrimination | 10.3 score on a scale -12 to 12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 | 10.3 score on a scale -12 to 12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 | 10.3 score on a scale -12 to 12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised (HVLT-R): Recognition | 10.9 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 | 10.9 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 | 10.9 score on a scale 0-12 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised (HVLT-R): Total | 23.3 score on a scale 0-36 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 | 23.3 score on a scale 0-36 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 | 23.1 score on a scale 0-36 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 |
| Menopausal Status Perimenopausal or Postmenopausal | 129 Participants | 254 Participants | 125 Participants |
| Menopausal Status Premenopausal | 11 Participants | 22 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue - Short Form 7a | 55.5 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 | 55.5 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9 | 55.4 T-score STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants | 11 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 128 Participants | 259 Participants | 131 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 140 participants | 276 participants | 136 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 140 Participants | 276 Participants | 136 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Shipley Institute of Living Scale-2 Vocabulary | 30.4 score on a scale 0-40 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 | 30.7 score on a scale 0-40 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 | 31.0 score on a scale 0-40 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 |
| The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Cognition: Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 29.2 scores on a scale 0-80 STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.8 | 31.3 scores on a scale 0-80 STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.5 | 33.4 scores on a scale 0-80 STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.9 |
| Time since completed chemotherapy (months) | 28.8 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 | 29.6 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.2 | 30.5 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.4 |
| Trail Making Test (TMT) - A | 37.1 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 27.1 | 36.5 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.3 | 25.8 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.4 |
| Trail Making Test (TMT) - B | 91.2 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 50.4 | 86.9 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 48.3 | 82.3 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 45.7 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 140 | 0 / 136 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 140 | 0 / 136 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 12 / 140 | 8 / 136 |
Outcome results
Primary
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R): The HVLT-R measures verbal learning and memory. It consists of a 12-item word list which is read to patients on three successive learning trials. Free recall scores are recorded for each learning trial. After a 20-minute interval during which patients complete other non-interfering tasks and questionnaires they are asked to recall the target words. Range is 0-36 with higher values representing better verbal learning and memory.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analysis. Considered and utilized all data available at each timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 12 Weeks | 24.4 score on a scale of 0-36 |
| Donepezil | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 24 Weeks | 26.0 score on a scale of 0-36 |
| Donepezil | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 36 Weeks | 25.1 score on a scale of 0-36 |
| Placebo | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 12 Weeks | 24.5 score on a scale of 0-36 |
| Placebo | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 24 Weeks | 26.5 score on a scale of 0-36 |
| Placebo | Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) - Total | 36 Weeks | 25.9 score on a scale of 0-36 |
Comparison: With a sample size of 266, there was 90% power to detect a treatment difference of 2 words for HVLT-R total recall score (SD=4.26, effect size=0.47) with a two-sided 5% level of significance. This calculation assumed an ANCOVA model analysis with 25% dropout and 2% missing data at end of treatment. A single interim analysis for futility occurred after 138 participants, with stopping rule of two-sided p-value \< 0.0154. This design required 3.5% more than fixed design, increasing total to 276.p-value: 0.32ANCOVA
Secondary
Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results
The Controlled Oral Word Association Test from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is a verbal fluency test in which participants are asked to say as many words as possible from a given category and in a specified timeframe (typically 60 seconds). Scores are the sum of all acceptable words. Minimum is 0 with no specified maximum; higher values represent better verbal fluency.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analysis. All available timepoints from all participants utilized.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 12 Weeks | 6.7 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
| Donepezil | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 24 Weeks | 6.9 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
| Donepezil | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 36 Weeks | 6.8 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
| Placebo | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 12 Weeks | 6.6 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
| Placebo | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 24 Weeks | 7.0 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
| Placebo | Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) Results | 36 Weeks | 7.3 score on a scale 0 to no specified maxim |
Secondary
Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B)
The Digit Span Task (Backwards-Only Version) measures working memory. On each question the participant repeats the numbers in reverse order of that presented aloud by the examiner (e.g., If the examiner says 5-6, the correct response would be 6-5; If the examiner says 5-1-7-4-2-3-8, the correct response would be 8-3-2-4-7-1-5). Score is 0 to 16 with higher scores representing better working memory.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analyses: all timepoints and participant data used.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 12 Weeks | 6.7 score on a scale 0-16 |
| Donepezil | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 24 Weeks | 6.9 score on a scale 0-16 |
| Donepezil | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 36 Weeks | 6.8 score on a scale 0-16 |
| Placebo | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 12 Weeks | 6.6 score on a scale 0-16 |
| Placebo | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 24 Weeks | 7.0 score on a scale 0-16 |
| Placebo | Digit Span Test-Backwards (DST-B) | 36 Weeks | 7.3 score on a scale 0-16 |
Secondary
Digit Symbol Coding Results
The digit symbol coding (DSC) test measures processing speed, working memory, visuospatial processing, and attention. The DSC test measures processing speed. It requires respondents to transcribe symbols (e.g., \>) associated with a number (0-9) into empty boxes beneath a series of randomly ordered numbers. Total score is number of correctly transcribed symbols in 2 minutes. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher cognitive function.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analysis. All available data from all participants utilized in models.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 12 Weeks | 69.6 score on a scale 0-100 |
| Donepezil | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 24 Weeks | 71.9 score on a scale 0-100 |
| Donepezil | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 36 Weeks | 74.2 score on a scale 0-100 |
| Placebo | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 12 Weeks | 67.7 score on a scale 0-100 |
| Placebo | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 24 Weeks | 71.9 score on a scale 0-100 |
| Placebo | Digit Symbol Coding Results | 36 Weeks | 71.7 score on a scale 0-100 |
Secondary
FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment
The FACT-Cog is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) that includes subscales to measure Perceived Cognitive Impairment (PCI, n = 20 items, score range 0-80). Higher FACT-Cog PCI scores are better and indicate less cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analyses: all available timepoints and participant data utilized.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 12 Weeks | 45.6 score on a scale 0-80 |
| Donepezil | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 24 Weeks | 49.4 score on a scale 0-80 |
| Donepezil | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 36 Weeks | 47.6 score on a scale 0-80 |
| Placebo | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 12 Weeks | 45.6 score on a scale 0-80 |
| Placebo | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 24 Weeks | 48.8 score on a scale 0-80 |
| Placebo | FACT-Cognition (Version 3): Perceived Cognitive Impairment | 36 Weeks | 47.5 score on a scale 0-80 |
Secondary
PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results
This self-report scale assesses fatigue. Scale ranges from 7 to 35 converted to T-scale ranging 29.4 to 83.2 Higher scores representing more fatigue.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat: all participants and timepoints available were utilized.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 12 Weeks | 52.3 T-score |
| Donepezil | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 24 Weeks | 51.8 T-score |
| Donepezil | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 36 Weeks | 52.2 T-score |
| Placebo | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 12 Weeks | 53.0 T-score |
| Placebo | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 24 Weeks | 52.0 T-score |
| Placebo | PROMIS 7-item Fatigue Scale Converted to T-scale Results | 36 Weeks | 53.0 T-score |
Secondary
Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results
TMT Part A consists of 25 circles on a piece of paper with the numbers 1 to 25 written randomly in each. For Part A, the person is tasked with drawing a line from one circle to the next in ascending numerical order, from 1 to 25, as quickly as possible. The lines between the circles are referred to as the trail. Range 1-300 in seconds. Lower values indicate completing task faster with less difficulty. It is a measure of executive functioning with lower values being better. TMT Part B also consists of 25 circles on a piece of paper, But, rather than all of the circles containing numbers, they contain numbers (1 to 12) and letters (A through L). For Part B, the person is tasked with connecting the circles in ascending order, alternating back and forth from numbers to letters. In other words, the trail would be connected like this:1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E-6-F-7-G-8-H-9-I-10-J-11-K-12-L-13. The range 1-300 seconds. Higher values indicate worse executive functioning.
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 36
Population: Intent to treat analysis. All available participants and time points utilized.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 12 Weeks | 32.8 time (seconds) |
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 24 Weeks | 31.4 time (seconds) |
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 36 Weeks | 28.8 time (seconds) |
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 12 Weeks | 76.7 time (seconds) |
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 24 Weeks | 74.8 time (seconds) |
| Donepezil | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 36 Weeks | 70.1 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 24 Weeks | 75.1 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 12 Weeks | 34.1 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 12 Weeks | 78.1 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 24 Weeks | 29.9 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-B 36 Weeks | 73.6 time (seconds) |
| Placebo | Trail Making Test, Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) Results | TMT-A 36 Weeks | 30.4 time (seconds) |