Phase ll Study of Pirfenidone in Patients With RAILD (TRAIL1)

Phase 2 Study of Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Pirfenidone in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease (TRAIL1)

Status

Completed

Phases

Phase 2

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT02808871

Enrollment

123

Registered

2016-06-22

Start date

2017-04-07

Completion date

2021-04-07

Last updated

2022-08-16

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease

Keywords

TRAIL1, TRAIL, Pirfenidone

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to to assess the safety and tolerability of pirfenidone 2403 mg/day for the treatment of RA-associated interstitial lung disease.

Detailed description

This is a phase 2, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of pirfenidone for the treatment of RA associated interstitial lung disease. Approximately 270 subjects will be randomized to receive Pirfenidone 2403 mg per day or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome of this study is to assess the efficacy of pirfenidone 2403 mg/day versus placebo in patients with RA associated interstitial lung disease, as defined by progression free survival over the 52 weeks of treatment. Patients will receive blinded study treatment from the time of randomization until the Week 52 Visit. Eligible patients aged 18 to 85 years must meet 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA (Aletaha, Neogi et al. 2010) as well as RA-associated ILD, as determined by imaging and, when available, lung biopsy. Patients will be required to have a % predicted FVC ≥40 and % predicted DLCO or TLCO ≥30 at screening. The dose of study treatment will be titrated over 14 days. Patients will receive a telephone assessment at Weeks 1 and 2, and visit the clinic at Weeks 4, 8, 13, 19, 26, 39, and 52. Subjects will have a follow up phone call 28 days after completion of the study drug. Patients should complete a compliance diary between visits. If patients discontinue study treatment for any reason before the end of the study, they should continue with all scheduled study procedures through Week 52. If subjects are unable to complete the study visits as scheduled, all efforts should be made to complete an early termination visit. The primary outcome variable of this study will be progression free survival, defined as progression free from decline in FVC of 10% or greater during the 52 week study period. More information can be found at www.ralung.org.

Interventions

DRUGPirfenidone

Pirfenidone three times daily (2403 mg) for 52 weeks

DRUGPlacebo

Placebo three times daily for 52 weeks

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to 85 Years

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Patients must fulfill all of the following criteria to be eligible for enrollment in the study: 1. Age 18 through 85 years, inclusive, at Screening 2. Probable or definite diagnosis of RA according to revised 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria, without evidence or suspicion of an alternative diagnosis that may contribute to their interstitial lung disease. 3. Diagnosis of ILD 1. supported by clinically indicated HRCT, and when available, surgical lung biopsy (SLB), prior to Screening, and 2. presence of fibrotic abnormality affecting more than 10% of the lung parenchyma, with or without traction bronchiectasis or honeycombing, on screening and confirmed by adjudicated HRCT prior to Baseline 4. No features supporting an alternative diagnosis on transbronchial biopsy, or SLB, if performed prior to Screening 5. Attainment of the following centralized spirometry criteria (based on local spirometry on standardized equipment and centralized quality controlled): 1. percent predicted FVC ≥ 40% at Screening 2. change in pre-bronchodilator FVC (measured in liters) between Visit 1 (Screening) and Visit 2 (Randomization) must be a \<10% relative difference, calculated as: 100% \* \[absolute value (Visit 1 FVC - Visit 2 FVC) / Visit 1 FVC\] 3. percent predicted DLCO or TLCO ≥25 % at Screening 4. Screening (Visit 1) pre-bronchodilator(BD) and Post-BD spirometry meets ATS quality criteria as determined by a central reviewer 5. Baseline (Visit 2) Pre-BD spirometry meets ATS quality criteria as determined by the site Investigator or the central reviewer 6. Able to understand and sign a written informed consent form. 7. For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use two adequate methods of contraception, including at least one method with a failure rate of \<1% per year, during the 52 week treatment period and for at least 118 days after the last dose of study drug. 1. A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is postmenarcheal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (≥ 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus). 2. Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \<1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, established and proper use of hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices. 3. The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. 8. For men who are not surgically sterile: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive measures, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm, as defined below: 1. With female partners of childbearing potential, men must remain abstinent or use a condom plus an additional contraceptive method that together result in a failure rate of \< 1% per year during the treatment period and for at least 118 days after the last dose of study drug. 2. Men must refrain from donating sperm during this same period. PARTICIPANT

Exclusion criteria

1. Not a suitable candidate for enrollment or unlikely to comply with the requirements of this study, in the opinion of the investigator 2. Cigarette smoking or vaping within 3 months of Screening or unwilling to avoid tobacco products throughout the study 3. History of clinically significant environmental exposure known to cause pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including but not limited to drugs (such as amiodarone), asbestos, beryllium, radiation, and domestic birds 4. Concurrent presence of the following conditions: 1. Other interstitial lung disease, related to but not limited to radiation, drug toxicity, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia 2. Medical history including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 3. Medical history of viral hepatitis (positive Hep A antibody in the absence of elevated liver enzymes is not an exclusion) 5. Concurrent presence of other pleuropulmonary manifestations of RA, including but not limited to rheumatoid nodular disease of the lung, pleuritis/pleural thickening, and obliterative bronchiolitis 6. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC \<0.65 at Screening 7. Presence of pleural effusion occupying more than 20% of the hemithorax on Screening HRCT 8. Clinical diagnosis of a second connective tissue disease or overlap syndrome (including but not limited to scleroderma, sjogren's, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus but excluding Raynaud's phenomena) 9. Coexistent clinically significant COPD/emphysema or asthma in the opinion of the site principal investigator 10. Clinical evidence of active infection, including but not limited to bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, or cellulitis. The infection should be resolved per PI assessment prior to enrollment. Any use of antibiotics must be completed 2weeks prior to the screening visit. Note that prophylactic antibiotics are not contraindicated or exclusionary 11. Any history of malignancy diagnosed within 5 years of screening, other than basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or low grade cervical carcinoma, and/or low grade prostate cancer. Criteria for low grade prostate cancer: * Patients with suspicion for prostate cancer based on PSA and/or DRE should have been evaluated by urology * Patients with NCCN very low risk prostate cancer (∙ T1c and Grade Group 1 (Gleason 6) and PSA \<10 ng/mL and Fewer than 3 prostate biopsy fragments/cores positive, ≤50% cancer in each fragment/coreg and ∙ PSA density \<0.15 ng/mL/g) can be monitored without intervention and enrolled in study. * Patients with NCCN low risk prostate cancer can be monitored on a case by case basis (T1-T2a and Grade Group 1 (Gleason 6) and ∙ PSA \<10 ng/mL) and enrolled in study. * All other patients should be excluded. 12. History of LFT abnormalities as outlined below, or imaging, laboratory or other clinical information suggesting liver dysfunction, advanced liver disease or cirrhosis. Evidence of hepatic impairment that in the opinion of the investigator could interfere with drug metabolism or increase the risk of the known hepatotoxicity of study drug. Any of the following liver function abnormalities: 1. Total bilirubin above the upper limit of normal (ULN), excluding patients with Gilbert's syndrome; 2. Aspartate or alanine aminotransferase (AST/SGOT or AST/SGPT) \> 3 X ULN; 3. Alkaline phosphatase \> 2.5 X ULN. 13. History of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis 14. History of unstable or deteriorating cardiac disease, or unstable cardiac arrhythmia or arrhythmia requiring modification of drug therapy, myocardial infarction within the previous year, heart failure requiring hospitalization. 15. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, might be significantly exacerbated by the known side effects associated with the administration of pirfenidone 16. History of alcohol or substance abuse in the past 2 years, at the time of Screening 17. Family or personal history of long QT syndrome 18. Any of the following test criteria above specified limits: 1. Estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 mL/min/1.73m2 2. ECG with a QTc interval \>500 msec at Screening 19. Prior use of pirfenidone or known hypersensitivity to any of the components of study treatment 20. Use of any of the following therapies within 28 days before Screening and during participation in the study: 1. Investigational therapy, defined as any drug that has not been approved for marketing for any indication in the country of the participating site 2. Potent inhibitors of CYP1A2(e.g. fluvoxamine, enoxacin) 3. Potent inducers of CYP1A2. 4. Sildenafil (daily use). Note: intermittent use for erectile dysfunction is allowed 21. Introduction and/or modification of dose of corticosteroids or any cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, or cytokine modulating or receptor antagonist agent for the management of pulmonary manifestations of RA, within 3 months of screening, is an exclusion criterion for enrollment, with the exception of dose modification of systemic corticosteroids that are maintained at or below 20 mg prednisone daily or the equivalent. However, introduction and/or modification of dose of corticosteroids or any cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, or cytokine modulating or receptor antagonist agent for the management of extrapulmonary manifestations of RA is not an exclusion criterion for enrollment. 22. Any use of an approved anti-fibrotic medication within 28 days of screening.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Number of Participants Who Developed Any Element of the Composite Endpoint	52 weeks	Number of participants who developed any element of the composite endpoint of decline in percent predicted FVC of 10% or greater or death.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Change in % Predicted FVC From Baseline to End of Study Over the 52 Week Study Period	52 weeks	Change from baseline to end of study of percent predicted FVC over the 52 week study period
All-cause Mortality	52 weeks	Number of participants experiencing mortality due to all causes
All Cause Hospitalization	52 weeks	Number of participants requiring hospitalization for any cause
Hospitalization for Respiratory Cause	52 weeks	Number of participants requiring hospitalization for respiratory cause
Acute Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization	52 weeks	Number of participants experiencing acute exacerbation requiring hospitalization
Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (AEs)	52 weeks	Number of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs)
Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)	52 weeks	Number of participants with treatment-emergent serious adverse events (SAEs) in the as treated population
Treatment-emergent/Treatment-related AEs	52 weeks	Number of participants with treatment-emergent/treatment-related AEs
Treatment-emergent/Treatment-related SAEs	52 weeks	Number of participants with treatment-emergent/treatment-related SAEs
AEs Leading to Early Discontinuation of Study Treatment	52 weeks	Number of participants with AEs leading to early discontinuation of study treatment
Treatment-emergent Death or Transplant	52 weeks	Number of participants who experienced treatment-emergent death or transplant
Treatment-emergent RA-ILD-related Mortality	52 weeks	Number of participants who experienced treatment-emergent RA-ILD-related mortality
Number of Participants With FVC Decline From Baseline of 10% or Greater	52 weeks	Number of participants with decline from baseline in percent predicted FVC of 10% or greater during the study period.
Number of Participants With Progressive Disease	52 weeks	Number of participants with progressive disease as defined by OMERACT: FVC% relative decline of \>=10% or FVC% change in \>=5\< 10% and \>=15% diffusing capacity (DLCO)
Change in Absolute Value FVC Over the 52 Week Study Period	52 weeks	Change from baseline to end of study in absolute value of FVC over the 52 week study period
Time to Composite of Decline in FVC or Death	52 weeks	Time to decline of 10% or greater in percent predicted FVC or death while on study
Change in PRO of Dyspnea	52 weeks	Change from Baseline to end of study in dyspnea, as measured by the Dyspnea 12 questionnaire - Total scores range from 0 to 36, with higher scores corresponding to greater severity.

Other

Measure	Time frame	Description
SGRQ	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)
Dyspnea 12	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in Dyspnea 12 questionnaire
LCQ	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ)
Disease Activity Score (DAS)	52 weeks	Change from Baseline to end of study in Disease Activity Score (DAS)
RAPID3 Score	52 weeks	Change from baseline to end of study in Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) score
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)	52 weeks	Change from Baseline to end of study in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
CRP	52 weeks	Change from Baseline to end of study in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 5. Candidate
Patient Global Assessment	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in the Patient global assessment
Health Assessment Questionnaire	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in the Health assessment questionnaire
HRCT Parameters	52 weeks	Changes from Baseline to end of study in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) parameters evaluated by quantitative functional imaging
Biomarker Expression	52 weeks	Candidate biomarker expression in the peripheral blood of patients with RA-ILD over the 52 weeks of treatment

Countries

Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Pirfenidone Pirfenidone 2403 mg/d for 52 weeks	63
Placebo Placebo for 52 weeks	60
Total	123

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Placebo	Pirfenidone	Total
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	42 Participants	36 Participants	78 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	18 Participants	27 Participants	45 Participants
Age, Continuous	68.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1	66.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.2	67.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.6
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants	4 Participants	4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	1 Participants	2 Participants	3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	3 Participants	0 Participants	3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	56 Participants	56 Participants	112 Participants
Region of Enrollment Australia	5 participants	5 participants	10 participants
Region of Enrollment Canada	5 participants	6 participants	11 participants
Region of Enrollment United Kingdom	27 participants	27 participants	54 participants
Region of Enrollment United States	23 participants	25 participants	48 participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	21 Participants	25 Participants	46 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	39 Participants	38 Participants	77 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk	EG001 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	2 / 63	3 / 60
other Total, other adverse events	62 / 62	56 / 60
serious Total, serious adverse events	10 / 62	11 / 60

Other Pre-specified

SGRQ

Changes from Baseline to Week 13, 26, 39 and final visit in the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)

Time frame: 52 weeks

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Mar 2, 2026

Phase ll Study of Pirfenidone in Patients With RAILD (TRAIL1)

Conditions

Keywords

Brief summary

Detailed description

Related papers

Interventions

Sponsors

Study design

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Design outcomes

Primary

Secondary

Other

Countries

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Baseline characteristics

Adverse events

Outcome results

Number of Participants Who Developed Any Element of the Composite Endpoint

Acute Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization

AEs Leading to Early Discontinuation of Study Treatment

All Cause Hospitalization

All-cause Mortality

Change in Absolute Value FVC Over the 52 Week Study Period

Change in % Predicted FVC From Baseline to End of Study Over the 52 Week Study Period

Change in PRO of Dyspnea

Hospitalization for Respiratory Cause

Number of Participants With FVC Decline From Baseline of 10% or Greater

Number of Participants With Progressive Disease

Time to Composite of Decline in FVC or Death

Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (AEs)

Treatment-emergent Death or Transplant

Treatment-emergent RA-ILD-related Mortality

Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Treatment-emergent/Treatment-related AEs

Treatment-emergent/Treatment-related SAEs

Biomarker Expression

CRP

Disease Activity Score (DAS)

Dyspnea 12

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Health Assessment Questionnaire

HRCT Parameters

LCQ

Patient Global Assessment

RAPID3 Score

SGRQ