Plasmodium Vivax
Conditions
Keywords
Single-blinded controlled trial, Primaquine
Brief summary
This study aims to determine whether a 14 day course of 0.5 mg/kg/day primaquine can eliminate subclinical P. vivax infections detected by high volume ultra-sensitive PCR (uPCR).
Detailed description
This is a randomized, Single blind trial in G6PD normal participants with subclinical P. vivax infections in Laos. Participants with subclinical P. vivax infections and those meeting the enrolment criteria will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms: * Intervention: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) therapy 3 days dosing plus 14 days of supervised primaquine (7mg/kg total dose) administered once per day (0.5 mg/kg/day). * Control arm: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) 3 days dosing therapy plus 14 days identical primaquine placebo. Participants found to be G6PD deficient (G6PDd) will be treated with primaquine 0.75mg/kg/week for 8 weeks according to WHO recommendations. Primaquine and placebo will be administered with food (biscuits), which has been shown to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. All doses of study drugs will be supervised. If participants cannot visit the study centre, or fail to attend during the 14 days of supervised therapy, team members will visit them in their homes, schools or work to ensure complete dosing. Findings: The study showed that a 14-day course of primaquine added to mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine prevented recurrent asymptomatic P. vivax infections (doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-3091-5)
Interventions
DRUGDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) + Primaquine (PQ)
DRUGDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) + Primaquine (PQ) placebo
Sponsors
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
University of Oxford
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
10 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants with subclinical mono- or mixed P. vivax infections (uPCR) can be enrolled. * Able to participate as decided by the investigators, and willing to comply with the study requirements and follow-up. * A participant (or parent/guardian of children below age of consent) is willing and able to give written informed consent to participate in the trial.
Exclusion criteria
* Currently pregnant or breastfeeding (female of child-bearing age). * Inability to tolerate oral treatment. * Previous episode of haemolysis or severe haemoglobinuria following primaquine. * Known hypersensitivity or allergy to the study drugs. * Blood transfusion in last 90 days, since this can mask G6PD deficiency. * An acute malaria episode requiring treatment. * A febrile condition due to diseases other than malaria (e.g. measles, acute lower respiratory tract infection, severe diarrhoea with dehydration). * Anaemia (Haemoglobin (Hb) \< 9 g/dL * Presence of any condition which in the judgment of the investigator would place the participant at undue risk or interfere with the results of the study (e.g. serious underlying cardiac, renal or hepatic disease; severe malnutrition; HIV/AIDS; or severe febrile condition other than malaria); co-administration of other medication known to cause haemolysis or that could interfere with the assessment of antimalarial regimens. * Currently taking medication known to interfere significantly with the pharmacokinetics of primaquine and the schizontocidal study drugs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The incidence rate of P. vivax parasitaemia in G6PD-normal participants | over 12 months | the incidence rate will be detected by uPCR |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The frequency of recurrent vivax infections (clinical and sub-clinical) | 12 months | — |
| The follow-up period required to detect a statistically significant difference in the frequency of recurrent subclinical P. vivax infections between treated and untreated participants | 12 months | measured by uPCR |
| Number of participants with treatment related Adverse event. | 28 days | — |
| Number of participants with treatment related malaria episode | 12 months | — |
| Time to P. vivax clearance | 12 months | Detected by uPCR |
| Compare the percentage decrease in hemoglobin between those who receive primaquine and who those not receive primaquine | 12 months | — |
| Number of G6PD genotypes in participants with G6PD deficiency | 12 months | — |
| Number of P450 genotypes in participants with recurrent PV infection. | 12 months | — |
| Number of doses taken per participants | 14 days | — |
Countries
Laos
Outcome results
None listed