Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Conditions
Brief summary
Objective: The main target of this study was to research the correlation between the pulmonary function and the circulatory parameters of retrobulbar blood vessels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Method: T2DM patients without DR were choose to research the correlation between the pulmonary function and the circulatory parameters of retrobulbar blood vessels. The primary endpoints were the pulmonary function parameters; The secondary endpoints were the HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, WC, and BMI. The tertiary endpoints were the blood-fat; In addition, the retrobulbar circulation in the retrobulbar blood vessels were evaluated using color doppler imaging (CDI).
Detailed description
Pulmonary function parameters (VC%, FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%, MVV%, TLC%, FEV1/FVC%, DLCO%, and DLCO/VA%); the retrobulbar circulation (PSV, EDV, RI);retrobulbar blood vessels (CRA, PCA, and OA);blood-fat(TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG). Pulmonary function was measured by spirometer which was provided by Jaska Corporation in Japan, model number: HI-101; The CDI recordings were taken using a Powervision SSA-380A (Toshiba, Japan) using a 7-MHz transducer.
Interventions
DEVICEspirometer;Intraocular pressure;Color doppler imaging
Sponsors
Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
34 Years to 68 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. The patients were diagnosed with T2DM according to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association; 2. No smoking history, pulmonary disease nor pulmonary infection within a fortnight; 3. Did not have hepatopathy, nephropathy, and gastrointestinal disease; and 4. Likely to have good compliance and able to visit our hospital for periodic assessments.
Exclusion criteria
1. T1DM, gestation and lactation; 2. Renal inadequacy, a serum creatinine \>132 µmol/L (male), or a serum creatinine \>123 µmol/L (female); 3. hypohepatia, the liver enzyme was two times higher than normal; 4. Intensive care with insulin treatment; 5. The patients combinated with DR and hypertension (antihypertensive drugs were used); 6. Patients with other eye conditions that could affect the blood flow, such as high degree myopia, maculopathy of any origin, glaucoma, and those with a history of laser treatment or introacular surgery; 7. New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure, a history of coronary angioplasty, coronary stent placement, coronary bypass surgery, or myocardial infarction within 6 months; 8) Cholesterol-lowering drugs can not control the blood-fat (TC \> 250 mg/dl, HDL-C \< 30 mg/dL, LDL-C \> 170 mg/dl, TG \> 200 mg/dl) adequately; and 9\) Use of systemically injected glucocorticoids within 3 months prior to our study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The pulmonary function (using spirometer)of three categories of patients, based on HbA1c levels, were compared | one week | pulmonary function parameters include: VC%, FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%, MVV%, TLC%, FEV1/FVC%, DLCO%, and DLCO/VA%;HbA1c levels: ≥ 8.0, \< 8.0 and \> 7.0, ≤ 7.0 |
| The circulatory parameters (using CDI)of retrobulbar blood vessels of three categories of patients, based on HbA1c levels, were compared | one week | retrobulbar blood vessels include CRA, PCA, and OA; circulatory parameters include PSV, EDV, and RI; HbA1c levels: ≥ 8.0, \< 8.0 and \> 7.0, ≤ 7.0 |
| The correlation between the pulmonary function parameters and the retrobulbar circulation parameters in 48 T2DM patients | one week | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, WC,BMI, DBP, SBP, and blood-fat in 48 T2DM patients | one week | blood-fat include TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG |
Outcome results
None listed