Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Stochastic Resonance, Fetus/Newborn Infant, Drug Withdrawal, Substance Abuse
Brief summary
The overall purpose of this project is to to quantify the physiology of neonatal drug withdrawal and develop non-pharmacological techniques to help improve the therapeutic management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
Detailed description
Novel approaches to diagnosing and treating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) are needed for reducing prolonged pharmacological management, minimizing hospitalization and improving developmental outcomes in drug exposed newborns. This study seeks to examine the physiology and symptoms of drug withdrawal (e.g., irritability marked by movement activity; cardio-respiratory instabilities) in infants exposed to drugs in utero and test whether sensory stimuli (tactile, auditory) reduce dysregulated systems in the withdrawing infant. Candidates at-risk for NAS due to fetal drug exposure will be identified to investigators by the infant's primary medical caregiver. Investigators will use a modified-consecutive sampling technique, restricted by equipment and personnel availability, for enrolling infants. Participants will be studied throughout their hospitalization. Effects of stimulation will be examined at different stages of withdrawal. Efficacy of stimulation will be examined as a potential complementary treatment of NAS.
Interventions
The infant's isolette mattress will be replaced with a specially designed mattress (non-commercially available; designed by Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Cofab Design LLC) to provide gentle vibrations and sounds during mattress stimulations.
OTHERControl
Absence of mattress Stochastic Vibratory Stimulation (SVS)
Sponsors
University of Massachusetts, Worcester
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Days to 1 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Eligible subjects are infants currently inpatient in the NICU or Newborn Nursery at University of Massachusetts Memorial Hospital and: * Full-term infants (\>37 wks gestational age) and late preterm infants (34-37 wks gestational age) * Newborns at risk for NAS due to fetal-drug exposure * At-risk infants will be infants who present with confirmed meconium and/or urine toxicology report (documented in medical chart review) for opioids (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine/subutex, oxycodone, heroin); may also have prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines, cannabinoids, alcohol, nicotine and/or caffeine.
Exclusion criteria
Eligible infants meeting the inclusion criteria above will be excluded from participation in the study if he/she: * Born less than \<34 weeks. * Has a congenital abnormality * Has a fetal anomaly * Has hydrocephalus or intraventricular hemorrhage \>grade 2 * Has a seizure disorder not related to drug withdrawal * Has a clinically significant shunt * Requires mechanical respiratory support
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Infant Movement between Mattress ON and Mattress OFF (control) | Single sessions throughout course of hospitalization. Each session may last up to 24 hours. | Measure mean change in infant movement activity via limb sensors |
| Change in Infant Breathing between Mattress ON and Mattress OFF (control) | Single sessions throughout course of hospitalization. Each session may last up to 24 hours. | Measure mean change in infant respiratory rate via respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) |
| Change in Infant Heart Rate between Mattress ON and Mattress OFF(control) | Single sessions throughout course of hospitalization. Each session may last up to 24 hours. | Measure mean change in infant heart rate via Electrocardiography (ECG). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Infant Temperature between Mattress ON and Mattress OFF (control) | Single session throughout course of hospitalization. Each session may last up to 24 hours. | Measure mean change in axillary temperature via temperature sensor. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed