The Assessment of Copper Parameters in Wilson Disease Participants on Standard of Care Treatment

To achieve a normalized NCC concentration, participants must have had 2 consecutive measures within (or below) the normal concentration range (0.8 to 2.3 micromolar \[μM\]). Two consecutive measurements required that the measurements occurred on separate dates and were assigned to 2 different visits. Non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper was calculated by subtracting the amount of copper bound to the ceruloplasmin from the total plasma copper concentration.

Time frame: Baseline through Month 6

Population: Full Analysis Set: Participants enrolled in the study. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment.

The CGI scale item 2 (global improvement) is a rating scale commonly used measure of symptom severity, treatment response, and the efficacy of treatments in treatment studies of participants with mental disorders. It uses the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement Scale (CGI-I), a 7-point scale that requires the Investigator to assess how much the participant's illness has improved or worsened relative to the Baseline state at the beginning of the study and rate as: 1, very much improved; 2, much improved; 3, minimally improved; 4, no change; 5, minimally worse; 6, much worse; or 7, very much worse. A decrease in score indicates improvement in disease severity. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

Evaluation of 24-hour urinary copper over time is reported as micrograms (μg)/day. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

Evaluation of 24-hour urinary molybdenum over time is reported as μg/day.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 24

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The CGI scale item 1 (severity of illness) rating scale is a commonly used measure of symptom severity, treatment response, and the efficacy of treatments in treatment studies of participants with mental disorders. It uses the Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale (CGI-S), a 7-point scale that requires the Investigator to rate the severity of the participant's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the Investigator's past experience with participants who had the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, a participant was assessed on severity of illness at the time of rating as: 1, normal, not at all ill; 2, borderline ill; 3, mildly ill; 4, moderately ill; 5, markedly ill; 6, severely ill; or 7, extremely ill. A decrease in score indicates improvement in disease severity. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

Change in copper plasma ultrafiltrate was measured over time and is reported as ng/mL. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The change in exchangeable copper was evaluated over time and is reported as nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL). Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The ALT levels were measured over time and are reported as units (U)/L. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The AST levels were measured over time and are reported as U/L. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

Bilirubin was measured over time and is reported as μmol/L. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The INR was measured over time. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The molybdenum plasma ultrafiltrate was measured over time and is reported as ng/mL.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 24

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

Evaluation of NCC concentrations over time are reported as micromoles/liter (μmol/L). Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing and non-negative baseline and post-baseline values for NCC.

Plasma total copper was measured over time and is reported as ng/mL. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The plasma total molybdenum was measured over time and is reported in ng/mL.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 6, Month 24

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

The total serum (nephelometry) was measured over time and is reported as milligrams (mg)/L. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Enrolled participants. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment. The number of participants analyzed per row represents number of overall participants continuing in the study at each timepoint with non-missing baseline and post-baseline values for each outcome measure.

To achieve a normalized NCC concentration, participants must have 2 consecutive measures within (or below) the normal range (0.8 to 2.3 μM). Two consecutive measurements required that the measurements occurred on separate dates and were assigned to 2 different visits. Non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper was calculated by subtracting the amount of copper bound to the ceruloplasmin from the total plasma copper concentration. Last Assessment was the last available post-baseline result for each participant (ranging from 1 to 24 months).

Time frame: Baseline through Last Assessment (ranging from 1 to 24 months)

Population: Full Analysis Set: Participants enrolled in the study. To be eligibly enrolled, participants must have been receiving the SoC medications (penicillamine, trientine, zinc, or copper chelators with zinc) for the treatment of WD at the time of enrollment and for no more than 60 months prior to enrollment.

The time to normalization of NCC was measured by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Time frame: Baseline, up to 24 months

Population: Full Analysis Set with an elevated NCC at Baseline.