High Blood Pressure
Conditions
Keywords
Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy, Venous Occlusion Plethysmography, Endothelial Function, Microcirculation, Inflammatory Biomarkers
Brief summary
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), Venous occlusion Plethysmography (VOP) and inflammatory biomarkers have been used to study endothelial function in patients with resistant hypertension, stages 1 and 2 hypertension and normotensive. This was a cross-sectional study.
Detailed description
Microcirculation determines peripheral resistance contributing to increased blood pressure. The nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), Venous occlusion Plethysmography (VOP) and biomarkers can be used to evaluate the microcirculation in arterial hypertension (AH). The objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of serum inflammatory markers and study the microcirculation by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) and Venous Occlusion Plethysmography in patients with resistant hypertension (RH), with stages 1 and 2 hypertension (MMH ) and normotensive (CG). A cross-sectional study with 75 patients has been performed: 25 with resistant hypertension (RH), 25 with stages 1 and 2 hypertension (MMH) and 25 normotensive (CG). All underwent anamnesis, dosage serum markers and conducting NVC, VOP. Hypertensive patients without statin use and with controlled or uncontrolled blood pressure were also analyzed. For the statistical analysis were used: Kruskal -Wallis ANOVA, Dunn test and ANCOVA for correction of confusion factors such as age and BMI.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Rio de Janeiro State University
Daniel Alexandre Bottino
Study design
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
27 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of controlled High Blood Pressure stages 1 and 2 (blood pressure levels from 140/90 mmHg to 179/109 mmHg) . * Resistant Hypertension (uncontrolled hypertension, with values ≥140/90 mmHg, using three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes, including a diuretic, or controlled hypertension with four or more drugs). * Normal Blood Pressure.
Exclusion criteria
* Diabetes Mellitus, Types 1 or 2. * Heart Failure. * Myocardial infarction or stroke with less than three months of the event. * Chronic kidney disease. * Use of hormonal or non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs. * Recent trauma (less than three months). * Autoimmune diseases. * Infectious processes in activity. * Neoplasia. * Aspirin use (anti-inflammatory dose). * Obesity grade III (Body Mass Index\>40 kg/m2).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 1 day | Hemodynamic Variable |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal Forearm Blood Flow during reactive Hyperemia | 1 day | Vascular Reactivity Variables from Venous Occlusion Plethysmography |
| Maximal Forearm Blood Flow after sublingual nitroglycerine | 1 day | Vascular Reactivity Variables from Venous Occlusion Plethysmography |
| Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM, ng/dl) | up to 2 weeks | Inflammatory Biomarker |
| Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM, ng/dl) | up to 2 weeks | Inflammatory Biomarker |
| Adiponectin (ng/dl) | up to 2 weeks | Inflammatory Biomarker |
| Endothelin (pg/dl) | up to 2 weeks | Inflammatory Biomarker |
| C Reactive Protein (CRP, mg/dl) | up to 2 weeks | Inflammatory Biomarker |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 1 day | Anthropometrical Variable |
| Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) | 1 day | Anthropometrical Variable |
| Functional Capillary Density (FCD, number capillaries/mm2 ) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Afferent Capillary Diameter (micrometer) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Apical Capillary Diameter (micrometer) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Efferent Capillary Diameter (micrometer) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Red Blood Cell Velocity (mm/s) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Maximum Red Blood Cell Velocity (mm/s) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Time to reach Maximum Red Blood Cell Velocity (s) | 1 day | Microcirculatory variable from Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 1 day | Anthropometrical Variable |
| Waist to Hip Ratio | 1 day | Anthropometrical Variable |
Outcome results
None listed