Multiple Myeloma
Conditions
Keywords
sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor, sphingosine kinase 2, SK2 inhibitor, SK2
Brief summary
This is a Phase Ib/II safety and efficacy trial of single agent ABC294640, an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 2 and dihydroceramide desaturase, in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Cohorts of patients with refractory or relapsed MM who have previously been treated with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents will receive increasing doses of oral ABC294640. The starting dosage for ABC294640 will be 250 mg bis in die (BID) which is known to be safely tolerated as a single agent, and the ABC294640 dose will be escalated to two additional dose cohorts of 500 and 750 mg BID using Bayesian model average continual reassessment method (BMA-CRM) for dose finding. It is expected that 18 patients will be used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for ABC294640 in refractory or relapsed MM. Up to 56 additional patients will be treated on the phase II portion of the study at the MTD or maximum dose used in phase I, with interim stopping rules for futility. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) assessments of ABC294640 will be conducted on Day 1 of Cycle 1. Bone marrow biopsy will be obtained prior to the initiation of ABC294640, at the end of cycle #3 and at the end of cycle #6. In addition to serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) and serum free light chain measurement, correlative studies will be performed to measure sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) activity, sphingosine metabolites, and additional biomarkers in CD138+ myeloma cells.
Detailed description
Objectives for Phase 1b: Primary Objectives • To assess safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of single agent ABC294640 in patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) who have been previously treated with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents. Secondary Objectives * To assess the antitumor activity of single agent ABC294640 in patients with refractory or relapsed MM after 3 cycles of treatment. * To determine the pharmacokinetics of ABC294640 following administration of the drug. * To describe the effects of ABC294640 on plasma levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate and IL-6 (interleukin - 6) in patients with refractory or relapsed MM. * To assess pharmacodynamic markers (SK2 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) level or activity, sphingolipid metabolites, c-Myc, Mcl-1 and pS6) in bone marrow CD138+ myeloma cells. Objectives for Phase 2: Primary Objectives • Assess overall treatment response rate and overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory MM treated with single-agent ABC294640. Secondary Objectives * To assess the treatment response of ABC294640 in patients with refractory or relapsed MM after 3 cycles of treatment. * To determine if pharmacodynamic markers (SK2 mRNA or activity, sphingolipid metabolites, c-Myc, Mcl-1 and pS6) in bone marrow CD138+ myeloma cells predict tumor response to the treatment with ABC294640. The projected ABC294640 doses for the escalation phase are: 250, 500, and 750 mg BID orally continuously as determined in the single agent trial for ABC294640. The dose will be given under fasting conditions (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating). Each cycle of treatment is 28 days. Patients will be monitored for safety and pharmacodynamics effects weekly in Cycle 1, biweekly for Cycles 2-4, and monthly for subsequent cycles. Myeloma treatment response will be assessed as follows: * Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) and serum free light chains before each cycle. * Skeletal survey at screening, then every year or at the end of study if the study ends before the anniversary. * Bone marrow biopsy and aspirates at the last day of cycle #3 and cycle #6 (± 7 days). For the phase II portion of the study, patients will be treated with single agent ABC294640 at the MTD determined from the phase Ib study (or highest dose used, if MTD is not reached) until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurs.
Interventions
DRUGOpaganib
Opaganib, \[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (N-(Pyridin-4-ylmethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide) amide, hydrochloride salt\] is an orally available inhibitor of the enzyme SK2.
Sponsors
Apogee Biotechnology Corporation
Duke University
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
RedHill Biopharma Limited
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Patient must have a diagnosis of symptomatic multiple myeloma, relapsed or refractory after previous treatment with a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib or carfilzomib) and an immunomodulatory agent (thalidomide, lenalidomide or pomalidomide). 2. Have measurable disease as defined by at least one of the following: * Serum monoclonal (M) protein ≥1.0 g/dl by protein electrophoresis * \>200 mg of M protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis * Serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio * Monoclonal bone marrow plasmacytosis ≥30% 3. Voluntary signed and dated institutional review board (IRB) approved informed consent form in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines. 4. Time interval from last systemic chemotherapy (not including low dose dexamethasone) more than 2 weeks prior to initiation of ABC294640. Patients receiving high dose dexamethasone defined as 40mg dexamethasone a day for 4 days will need 2 weeks washout prior to initiation of ABC294640 5. 18 years of age or older. 6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2. 7. Acceptable liver function: * Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (CTCAE Grade 1 baseline) * AST (aminotransferase) (SGOT), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) (SGPT) ≤ 5 x ULN (CTCAE Grade 2 baseline) * Serum creatinine ≤1.5 XULN (1.5 times the upper limit of normal) (CTCAE Grade 1 baseline) 8. Acceptable hematologic status (with or without transfusion support): * Absolute neutrophil count ≥1000 cells/mm3, * Platelet count ≥50,000 (plt/mm3), * Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL. 9. Urinalysis: No clinically significant abnormalities. 10. PT (partial thromboplastin) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) ≤ 1.5 X ULN after correction of nutritional deficiencies that may contribute to prolonged PT/PTT. 11. As determined by the treating investigator, the patient must have well-controlled blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure \<150mmHg (Millimeter of Mercury)and/or diastolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg for the majority of measurements. 12. A negative pregnancy test (if female of child bearing potential). 13. For men and women of child-producing potential, willingness to use effective contraceptive methods during the study.
Exclusion criteria
1. Pregnant or nursing women. 2. Patients who are currently participating in any other clinical trial of an investigational product. 3. Major surgery within 30 days prior to start of treatment 4. Acute active infection requiring treatment (systemic antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals) within 14 days prior to start of treatment 5. Known human immunodeficiency virus infection 6. Active hepatitis B or C infection with abnormal liver functions (i.e., LFTs (liver function test) \> 2 x upper normal limits) 7. Unstable angina or myocardial infarction within 4 months prior to start of treatment, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure, uncontrolled angina, history of severe coronary artery disease, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, sick sinus syndrome, or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or Grade 3 conduction system abnormalities unless subject has a pacemaker 8. Uncontrolled hypertension or uncontrolled diabetes within 14 days prior to start of treatment 9. Nonhematologic malignancy within the past 3 years with the exception of a) adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell skin cancer, or thyroid cancer; b) carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast; c) prostate cancer of Gleason Grade 6 or less with stable prostate-specific antigen levels; or d) cancer considered cured by surgical resection or unlikely to impact survival during the duration of the study, such as localized transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 10. Subjects with pleural effusions requiring thoracentesis or ascites requiring paracentesis within 14 days prior to initiation of ABC294640 11. Any other clinically significant medical or psychiatric disease or condition, or social situation that, in the Investigator's opinion, may interfere with protocol adherence or a subject's ability to give informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Tolerated Dose | 6 months | Evaluation of three doses of opaganib - 250 mg bid, 500 mg bid and 750 mg bid to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based upon the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) using a Bayesian model averaging continual reassessment method and is the dose at which the estimated probability of toxicity is closest to the target probability 0.33 among all doses. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of ABC294640 | 8 hours | To determine the Cmax of ABC294640 following administration of the drug. |
| To Assess the Antitumor Activity of Single Agent Opaganib in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After 3 Cycles of Treatment. | After 3 cycles (12 weeks) of treatment | Stable disease, partial response, complete response or disease progression. |
| Number of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity | 12 months | For the phase 1b portion of the trial, a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as an adverse event at least possibly related to the study medication: Non-hematologic DLT is defined as any Grade 3 or greater ADR (adverse drug reaction), except symptomatic AEs such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea which could be reduced to less than Grade 3 within 72 hours with standard supportive measures (i.e., antiemetics and antidiarrheals). Hematologic DLT is defined as * Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia that lasts more than 7 days after the last dose of study drug * or greater than or equal to Grade 3 thrombocytopenia in the presence of greater than or equal to Grade 3 hemorrhage of any organ/site * or any Grade 5 hematologic toxicity |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Phase 1b - 250 mg BID For Phase 1b, ABC294640 was dosed at 250 BID given continuously. The dose was given under fasting conditions (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating). One cycle is 28 days of treatment. | 3 |
| Phase 1b - 500 mg BID For Phase 1b, ABC294640 was dosed at 500 BID given continuously. The dose was given under fasting conditions (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating). One cycle is 28 days of treatment | 4 |
| Phase 1b - 750 mg BID For Phase 1b, ABC294640 was dosed at 750 mg BID given continuously. The dose was given under fasting conditions (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating). One cycle is 28 days of treatment | 6 |
| Total | 13 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Phase 1b - 250 mg BID | Phase 1b - 750 mg BID | Phase 1b - 500 mg BID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 68.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.05 | 70.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.58 | 63.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.94 | 75.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.94 |
| Baseline ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)Status ECOG 0 | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Baseline ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)Status ECOG 1 | 9 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Baseline ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)Status ECOG 2 | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 7 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 13 participants | 3 participants | 6 participants | 4 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 7 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 3 | 0 / 4 | 0 / 6 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 3 | 4 / 4 | 6 / 6 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 3 | 3 / 4 | 1 / 6 |
Outcome results
Primary
Maximum Tolerated Dose
Evaluation of three doses of opaganib - 250 mg bid, 500 mg bid and 750 mg bid to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based upon the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) using a Bayesian model averaging continual reassessment method and is the dose at which the estimated probability of toxicity is closest to the target probability 0.33 among all doses.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: Safety population
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Opaganib | Maximum Tolerated Dose | NA mg |
Secondary
Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of ABC294640
To determine the Cmax of ABC294640 following administration of the drug.
Time frame: 8 hours
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opaganib | Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of ABC294640 | 5.6 mcg/hr/mL | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| ABC294640 500 mg BID | Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of ABC294640 | 12.5 mcg/hr/mL | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| ABC294640 750 mg BID | Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of ABC294640 | 25.8 mcg/hr/mL | Standard Deviation 3 |
Secondary
Number of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity
For the phase 1b portion of the trial, a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as an adverse event at least possibly related to the study medication: Non-hematologic DLT is defined as any Grade 3 or greater ADR (adverse drug reaction), except symptomatic AEs such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea which could be reduced to less than Grade 3 within 72 hours with standard supportive measures (i.e., antiemetics and antidiarrheals). Hematologic DLT is defined as * Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia that lasts more than 7 days after the last dose of study drug * or greater than or equal to Grade 3 thrombocytopenia in the presence of greater than or equal to Grade 3 hemorrhage of any organ/site * or any Grade 5 hematologic toxicity
Time frame: 12 months
Population: All participants receiving any amount of study drug
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Opaganib | Number of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity | 0 Participants |
| ABC294640 500 mg BID | Number of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity | 0 Participants |
| ABC294640 750 mg BID | Number of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity | 1 Participants |
Secondary
To Assess the Antitumor Activity of Single Agent Opaganib in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After 3 Cycles of Treatment.
Stable disease, partial response, complete response or disease progression.
Time frame: After 3 cycles (12 weeks) of treatment
Population: Intent to treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Opaganib | To Assess the Antitumor Activity of Single Agent Opaganib in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After 3 Cycles of Treatment. | 0 Participants |
| ABC294640 500 mg BID | To Assess the Antitumor Activity of Single Agent Opaganib in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After 3 Cycles of Treatment. | 2 Participants |
| ABC294640 750 mg BID | To Assess the Antitumor Activity of Single Agent Opaganib in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After 3 Cycles of Treatment. | 0 Participants |