Insulin Sensitivity/Resistance
Conditions
Brief summary
This study investigates whether: (i) a family history of type 2 diabetes affects exercise induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. (ii) being prediabetic affects exercise induced improvements in glycemic control. (iii) sex differences affect exercise induced improvements in glycemic control.
Detailed description
A family history of T2D (FH+) is a risk factor for developing insulin resistance (which precedes T2D) and T2D (Ryder et al., 2003). Exercise training on the other hand has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and is highly effective to prevent/manage T2D. However it is not known if early signs of insulin resistance appear before being clinically diagnosed and if the benefits of exercise which prevent/cure T2D, are limited to the offspring of Hispanic T2D parents. Therefore, the proposed study will determine 1) if normoglycemic (normal blood glucose) offspring of T2D parents are insulin resistant, using the gold standard method to measure insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility (ability to switch between carbohydrate and fat oxidation) 2) if 8 weeks of exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility to the same extent in FH+ compared to normoglycemic offspring of parents without any history of T2D (FH-) and 3) if 8 weeks of exercise training will change the blood, lipid and molecular profiles relevant to insulin sensitivity to same extent in FH+ compared to offspring of parents without family history of T2D (FH-). This study will also determine how differently individuals with prediabetes response to exercise compared to those with normal glucose and further investigate sex differences in cardiometabolic response to exercise training.
Interventions
OTHER8 weeks of combined exercise intervention
The subjects will undergo an 8 week combined exercise intervention
Sponsors
University of Texas, El Paso
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Sedentary/moderately active lifestyle * Less than 150 minutes/wk. of structured exercise * Physical activity level ≤ 1.4
Exclusion criteria
* Evidence of significant cardiovascular disease * Screening blood pressure \>140/90 * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Use of drugs affecting energy metabolism or body weight * Excess alcohol, drug abuse, and smoking * Eating disorder or eating attitudes interfering with study * Excessively or active individuals * Unwillingness to abide by randomization * Injury that prevents the performance of exercise
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin sensitivity | 8-weeks | Insulin sensitivity will be measured hyperinsulinemic -euglycemic clamp |
| Glycemic control (long term) | 8-weeks | Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be measured from whole blood with a bench top chemistry analyzer |
| Glycemic control (postprandial) | 8-weeks | Postprandial glycemic control will be measured by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) |
| Glycemic variability | 8-weeks | Glycemic variability will be assessed with glucose monitoring |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cellular mitochondria function | 8-weeks | Cellular oxygen consumption of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) will be measured with seahorse analyzer. |
| Cytokines | 8-weeks | Interleukin (IL)-6 will be measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| Blood gene expression markers of glycemic control | 8-weeks | Blood microRNAs of glycemic control will be measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. |
| Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism | 8-weeks | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism will assessed with flow cytometry. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORSudip Bajpeyi, PhD.
University of Texas, El Paso
Outcome results
None listed