Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
Mood Disorders, Illness Perception, Primary Care, Medication Adherence
Brief summary
This study aims to determine which factors are related to change in diabetes-related distress and change in depressive symptoms after three years of follow-up in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. The investigators will explore the impact of patient demographics, cardiometabolic control, medications adherence, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms.
Detailed description
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been shown to experience psychological burden and distorted illness perception. These psychological burden include feeling of burned-out, fatigue, distress and depression, and in addition of distorted illness perception often lead to difficulty in coping with the demands of life-style changes and adherence to medication. Diabetes-related distress (DRD) and depressive symptoms (DS) were associated with glycaemic control and medication adherence, and life-styles behaviors, respectively. However, evidence on the relationships between DRD, DS and clinically significant outcomes are scarce in Asian adults with T2DM. Primary care patients who participated before will be re-invited. This is a repeated cross-sectional study of a cohorts of 700 patients who were first studied in 2013 (Emotional Distress in adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & Quality of Life \[EDDMQoL\] study with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR) identification number: NMRR-12-1167-14158). Demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation and monthly income), smoking status, self-perceive social support and health literacy will be collected by questionnaires.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Ministry of Health, Malaysia
UMC Utrecht
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Those who participated in the EDDMQoL study 2. Adults aged at least 30 year-old 3. Diagnosed of T2DM more than three years ago 4. On regular follow-up with at least three visits in the previous year
Exclusion criteria
1. Patients who are pregnant or lactating 2. Having psychiatric/psychological disorders that could impair judgments and memory 3. Patients who cannot read or understand English, Malay or Mandarin
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes-related distress measured with Diabetes Distress Scale-17 | Baseline and 3 year | Change in diabetes-related distress |
| Depressive symptoms measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Baseline and 3 year | Change in depressive symptoms |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes-related distress and depression combined | Baseline and 3 year | Change in both diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms combined |
| Illness perceptions measured with Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire | Through study completion | Cross-sectional, an association with other variables |
| Diabetes distress measured with Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-5) | Through study completion | Cross-sectional, an association with other variables |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Variability in pulse rates | Baseline and 3-year | Standard deviations of the pulse rates from the medical records |
| Variability in systolic blood pressure | Baseline and 3-year | Standard deviations of the systolic blood pressures from the medical records |
| Health care utilisation/hospitalisation | 3-year | Retrospective records of the number of visits to healthcare facilities and hospitalisation from the medical records |
| Variability in HbA1c | Baseline and 3-year | Standard deviations of the HbA1c from the medical records |
Outcome results
None listed