Salt; Excess
Conditions
Keywords
microvascular function, laser Doppler flowmetry, high salt diet
Brief summary
It is well accepted that high-salt (HS) intake is an essential risk factor in development and progression of hypertension. Results of some recent studies suggest that some of the deleterious effects of a HS diet are independent of elevated blood pressure (BP) and may occur in normotensive individuals and are associated with impaired endothelial function. However, the effects of acute salt loading on endothelial function and vascular reactivity in young healthy individuals are still scarce and inconsistent. The purpose of present study is to determine whether one week of HS intake affects microvascular reactivity in young healthy subjects without changes in BP. In addition, the investigators sought to evaluate if potential HS diet-induced microvascular dysfunction is associated with changes in oxidative stress level and/or with modification of immunological response in young healthy subjects.
Interventions
OTHERLow Salt (LS) diet
Intake of less than 2.3 g of salt per day for 7 days.
OTHERHigh Salt (HS) diet
Intake of 11.2 g of salt per day for 7 days.
Sponsors
Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\- healthy volunteers
Exclusion criteria
* oral contraceptives * drugs that could affect the endothelium * hypertension * coronary artery disease * diabetes * hyperlipidaemia * renal impairment * cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| microvascular reactivity | two weeks after starting the protocol | Cutaneous microvascular blood flow will be measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry in response to vascular occlusion (post occlusive reactive hyperemia- PORH) and in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) (endothelium dependent vasodilation) before and after diet protocols. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| antioxidant capacity | two weeks after starting the protocol | As an indicator of antioxidant capacity, the ferric reducing ability of plasma - the FRAP assay (Ferric reducing ability of plasma) with Trolox used as standard (mM Trolox) will be measured before and after LS and HS diet protocol (spectrophotometric method). |
| oxidative stress | two weeks after starting the protocol | As direct indicator of oxidative stress, byproducts of lipid peroxidation - TBARS method (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) with malondialdehyde (MDA) as standard (µM MDA) will be measured before and after LS and HS diet protocol (spectrophotometric method). |
| modification of immunological response by high salt diet | two weeks after starting the protocol | Activated monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils will be measured by flow cytometry, with distinction of subpopulation of monocytes/macrophages (classical/nonclassical), their activation and the expression of the integrin LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1) and VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4) - ligands VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ) and ICAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). |
Countries
Croatia
Contacts
Primary ContactAna - Stupin, MD, PhD
Backup ContactInes - Drenjancevic, MD, PhD
Outcome results
None listed