Using Emotion Regulation to Decrease Aggression in Veterans With PTSD

CAP - Using Emotion Regulation to Decrease Aggression in Veterans With PTSD

Status

Completed

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT02724787

Acronym

(EMDA)

Enrollment

Registered

2016-03-31

Start date

2016-06-13

Completion date

2018-02-07

Last updated

2019-09-17

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Keywords

Post-traumatic stress disorder, Veterans, Aggression, Emotion regulation

Brief summary

Impulsive aggression (IA) is common among Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD is one of the most prevalent post deployment mental health conditions affecting Afghanistan and Iraq Veterans. An inability to manage one's emotions (emotion dysregulation) is an underlying mechanism of IA. Reducing IA and increasing use of PTSD evidence-based psychotherapies are two critical missions for the Veterans Health Administration. This research supports these missions by providing a 3-session emotion regulation training (Manage Emotions to Reduce Aggression) to Veterans in order to teach them how to manage emotions and prepare for PTSD treatment. This is an open trail, so all Veterans who meet the inclusion criteria will be allowed to receive the treatment. Each Veteran's level of aggression and emotion dysregulation will be measured at the beginning and end to the treatment. By enhancing Veterans' abilities to cope with trauma-related emotions and feel equipped to initiate PTSD treatments, this research aims to help Veterans decrease IA and ultimately recover from PTSD.

Detailed description

In this pilot study for the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD, Shannon Miles, PhD, of the James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital in Tampa, Florida, and her study team will work with post-9/11 combat Veterans with PTSD and impulsive aggression. The Veterans will be identified as having impulsive aggression if they report having engaged in at least three episodes of aggression within the past month. The investigators will provide training in emotion regulation via an innovative three-session training called Managing Emotions to Reduce Aggression, or MERA. The goal of the pilot study is to test the feasibility of MERA in reducing impulsive aggression. A secondary goal is to prepare Veterans for psychotherapy for PTSD. One reason that too few Veterans seek PTSD treatment may be that they fear that they will not be able to control their emotional responses when they begin treatment. The investigators for this study believe that equipping Veterans with emotion regulation skills and knowledge about PTSD treatments may help them initiate, complete, and benefit from evidence-based psychotherapies. MERA is provided in a three-session, condensed time frame to make it accessible to Veterans whose careers, school, and families compete with treatment time. The training is delivered in a group format and incorporates emotion education, cognitive-behavioral and acceptance-based skills training, and information about what emotional experiences to expect from PTSD treatments. Study participants will undergo weekly assessments for emotion regulation and aggression. Following the MERA training, study participants will be followed by CAP investigators to monitor whether they seek out, receive, and complete evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD.

Interventions

BEHAVIORALManage Emotions to Reduce Aggression (MERA)

MERA is a 3-session group treatment that teaches Veterans the purpose of emotions, how trauma and combat can increase emotions, and how to better regulate them. The skills use cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques to help Veteran better regulate their emotions. These skills are commonly used in clinical practice, but have not been delivered in 3 sessions.

Study design

Allocation

Intervention model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

MALE

Age

18 Years to 65 Years

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

* Male Veteran who served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)/Operation New Dawn (OND) * Currently meets criteria for a PTSD diagnosis, determined by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5 * Engaged in at least 3 self-reported impulsive aggression acts in the last month, measured by the Overt Aggression Scale.58: * yelling * throwing objects * hitting objects/people in the last month * Impulsive aggression is his/her primary form of aggression, determined by having a higher Impulsive Aggression subscore than a Premeditated Aggression subscore on the Impulsive Premeditated Aggression Scale * Because aggressors are poor historians when reporting their aggression frequency, each Veteran must agree to allow an independent aggression rater (live-in partner, family member, or roommate) verify the number of aggressive acts, using the Overt Aggression Scale * No psychotropic medication change for six weeks prior to the assessment and agreement not to ask for a medication change for the duration of the study

Exclusion criteria

Veterans who meet the following criteria will be excluded: * Previously began Prolonged Exposure (PE) or Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) * Is currently suicidal with intent of self-harm in the last week * Is currently homicidal with plans to hurt a specific person * Is unable to complete self-report measures * Does not have an independent aggression rater * Has severe alcohol consumption patterns (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), severe drug use consumption patterns (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test), active psychosis, or mania (MINI) * Had a psychotropic medication change within 6 weeks prior to the pretraining assessment. Veterans receiving general mental health services or non- PE or CPT psychotherapy will be allowed to participate in this study

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Overt Aggression Scale	Given 3 weeks after last MERA session. Assess aggressive events in past week.	The Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) is a 17-item self-report measure that assesses frequency of different aggression acts, including verbal and physical aggression against self, other, and objects. Theoretical minimum score = 0; there is no bounded maximum value. Higher values = greater frequency of aggression.
Total Score Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale	Given 3 weeks after last MERA session. Assess emotion dysregulation in past month.	The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36- item self-report measure with 6 different emotion-dysregulation factors: nonacceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, impulse-control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and lack of emotional clarity. Total score was used in this study. Theoretical minimum value = 36; theoretical maximum value = 180. Higher scores indicate worse emotion regulation.
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire	Given 3 weeks after last MERA session. Assess emotion regulation strategies used in past week.	ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure with 2 factors that assess specific emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal (6 items; changing the way one thinks about a situation) and expressive suppression (4 items; not expressing the emotion outwardly but feeling it internally). More effective emotion regulation is indicated by higher cognitive reappraisal scores and lower expressive suppression scores. Theoretical minimum score for cognitive reappraisal = 6; theoretical maximum score = 42. Theoretical minimum score for expressive suppression = 4; theoretical maximum score = 28.
Exit Interview - Ratings of Therapist and Treatment	Given 3 weeks after last MERA session.	The exit interview was created by the study team and has 3 questions that asks: 1.) how understanding the therapist was, 2.) how helpful the therapist was in learning skills, and 3.) how helpful MERA was in managing emotions. Scale for all questions: * 1 = Not at all understanding / helpful * 2 = A little bit understanding / helpful * 3 = Moderately understanding / helpful * 4 = Very understanding / helpful Higher scores reflect greater understanding or helpfulness.
Exit Interview - Use of Skills	Given 3 weeks after last MERA session. Assess emotion regulation strategies used in past week.	The exit interview was created by the study team and has 8 questions that asks: 1.) Are you using \_\_\_\_\_skill?. Scores = percentage of the sample that was using the skill during the week before the post treatment assessment. Percentages could range from 0% to 100% of the sample. Higher scores represent more of the sample using the skill.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Open Trial All Veterans will receive the same emotion regulation treatment titled, Manage Emotions to Reduce Aggression. Manage Emotions to Reduce Aggression (MERA): MERA is a 3-session group treatment that teaches Veterans the purpose of emotions, how trauma and combat can increase emotions, and how to better regulate them. The skills use cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques to help Veteran better regulate their emotions. These skills are commonly used in clinical practice, but have not been delivered in 3 sessions.	24
Total	24

Arm

Count

Open Trial

All Veterans will receive the same emotion regulation treatment titled, Manage Emotions to Reduce Aggression. Manage Emotions to Reduce Aggression (MERA): MERA is a 3-session group treatment that teaches Veterans the purpose of emotions, how trauma and combat can increase emotions, and how to better regulate them. The skills use cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques to help Veteran better regulate their emotions. These skills are commonly used in clinical practice, but have not been delivered in 3 sessions.

Total

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Open Trial
Age, Continuous	39.17 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.86
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation	117.92 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.1
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Cognitive Reappraisal Subscale	25.42 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.71
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Suppression Subscale	17.42 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.75
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	19 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants
Number of Overt Aggression Scale	30.79 events STANDARD_DEVIATION 24
Sex: Female, Male Female	0 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	24 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	0 / 24
other Total, other adverse events	0 / 24
serious Total, serious adverse events	3 / 24

Outcome results

Primary

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

ERQ is a 10-item self-report measure with 2 factors that assess specific emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal (6 items; changing the way one thinks about a situation) and expressive suppression (4 items; not expressing the emotion outwardly but feeling it internally). More effective emotion regulation is indicated by higher cognitive reappraisal scores and lower expressive suppression scores. Theoretical minimum score for cognitive reappraisal = 6; theoretical maximum score = 42. Theoretical minimum score for expressive suppression = 4; theoretical maximum score = 28.

Time frame: Given 3 weeks after last MERA session. Assess emotion regulation strategies used in past week.