Pinhole
Conditions
Keywords
presbyopia
Brief summary
This study is aimed at presbyopic patients that do not require magnifying glass at close rage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional and physiological changes in eye induced by pinhole glass.
Interventions
Sponsors
Chung-Ang University Hosptial, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
45 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. age over 45 years 2. spherical equivalents(SE) within ± 3.0 diopters(D) 3. normal ocular alignment
Exclusion criteria
1. disturbance of accommodation due to any reasons such as an Adie's pupil, Parkinson's disease, a history of previous ocular surgery or trauma, and a history of systemic or topical medication that might affect accommodation 2. corneal pathologic features 3. glaucoma 4. cataracts of grade II or greater by the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) 5. vitreous and retinal abnormalities that might limit the accuracy of testing
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Distant visual acuity (logMAR) | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Distant visual acuity were measured using Snellen chart (Precision Vision, La Salle, IL, USA) at 4 m. |
| BUT | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | fluorescein is instilled into the subject's tear film and the subject is asked not to blink while the tear film is observed under a broad beam of cobalt blue illumination |
| Near point of accommodation (NPA) | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Near point of accommodation (NPA) was measured using Donder's push-up method. |
| The fusional convergence | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | With the subject watching the 20/30 sized fixation target at 40 cm, we take the base-out bar prism on the subject's right eye. While gradually increasing the extent of the prism, the first point that the subject noticed diplopia was defined as the break point. |
| Stereopsis | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Stereopsis was checked with the Randot Stereotest (Stereo Optical Co., Chicago, IL, USA). |
| Reading speed (letters per second) | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Reading speed was evaluated using the famous Korean traditional fairy tale book. This Korean book was printed black-and-white with 10-font size. |
| Photopic pupil size (baseline, mm) | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Pupil size under photopic conditions (85 cd/m2) was measured using a WASCA Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany). |
| Pupil size with the one eye pinhole glasses (mm) | Subjects performed this examination while wearing multiple pinhole and without wearing pinhole with one week apart in random order after baseline study | Pupil size with the one eye pinhole glasses was measured using a WASCA Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany). |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed