Headache Migraine Chronic
Conditions
Keywords
headache, photophobia, migraine, light sensitivity, tints, thin films
Brief summary
Nearly all migraine sufferers report sensitivity to light during a headache and a significant proportion of sufferers report light sensitivity between attacks. Light is also a common trigger for migraine headaches. Spectacle lenses that have been treated with tints and spectacle lenses that have been treated with thin-films have both been shown to reduce light sensitivity and headache in patients with migraine. At this time, it is not clear which spectacle lens treatment is superior. The purpose of this trial is to determine if there's a significant, therapeutic advantage to either spectacle lens treatment. Both treatments could be a novel, non-invasive adjuvant in the treatment of migraine.
Detailed description
Approximately 6% of men and 18% of women are afflicted with migraines. (Stovner et al., 2006) Over 90% of patients with migraines report a sensitivity to light (photophobia) during headaches. (Evans et al., 2008) Some migraine sufferers report that light can trigger a migraine and some have a chronic sensitivity to light (Main et al., 1997). Migraineurs are especially sensitive to non-incandescent lighting sources such as fluorescent lights, computer monitors, and gas-vapor lamps (Katz and Digre, 2016). The pathway that mediates photophobia appears to involve intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (IPRGCs; Hattar et al., 2002) and trigeminal afferents (Noseda et al., 2010; Digre and Brennan, 2012). These retinal cells do not require input from photoreceptors to be activated by light, and they have been shown to be responsible for circadian rhythm entrainment and the pupillary light reflex. As such, these cells constitute a pathway separate from that of the visual pathway (Güler et al., 2008). IPRGCs contain the chromophore melanopsin. In these cells, 480 nm light (in the blue-green portion of the visible spectrum) isomerizes melanopsin and triggers the phototransduction cascade. However, IPRGCs can also be stimulated by rods and cones. Thus, IPRGCs can be stimulated directly by 480-nm light or indirectly by any light in the visible spectrum. In the present study, the investigators will use a neutral gray tint to decrease stimulation of the eye by all wavelengths in the visible spectrum. The investigators will compare this intervention to a thin-film spectacle coating designed to specifically block 480-nm light. The gray tint will decrease both direct and indirect stimulation of the IPRGCs by blocking all wavelengths of the visible spectrum. The 480-nm thin-film will specifically target direct stimulation of the IPRGC. All tints and thin films will be calibrated such that the optical density, that is the overall darkness of all study lenses, will be the same. All study lenses will appear to have the same overall light blocking effect to study subjects. The lenses are intended to be a preventative or prophylactic treatment for chronic migraine.
Interventions
DEVICEGray tinted spectacle lenses
A neutral gray optical tint designed to block all wavelengths in the visible spectrum
DEVICEThin-Film spectacle lenses
A thin film optical notch filter designed to block 480-nm light in the visible spectrum
Sponsors
Axon Optics, LLC
Mayo Clinic
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Northwell Health
University of Utah
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Subjects must meet the International Headache Society criteria for chronic migraine (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society, 2013). All subjects must be between the ages of 18 and 60 years-old. To be included in the study, in the best judgment of the investigator, subjects must be stable on their current migraine treatment regimen. Stability is defined as no major changes in therapy contemplated within the next 4 months.
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects with other light sensitive conditions, such as iritis and blepharospasm, will be excluded. Subjects with best-corrected visual acuity less than 20/40 will be excluded. Subjects with diseases of the retina, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration will be excluded. Subjects using medications known to affect the eye will be excluded (e.g. chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, amiodarone). Due to constraints on the manufacture and mounting of study lenses into study frames, the study must exclude subjects who are very nearsighted (more than 4 diopters), subjects who are very farsighted (more than 2 diopters), and subjects who have more than 2.5 diopters of astigmatism. Because of the cyclical effects of botulinum toxin injections and other nerve blocks, patients undergoing these treatments will be excluded. Subjects must not have had any injections or blocks within 4 months of enrollment and should not receive any further blocks until they exit the study. Subjects with continuous daily headache (a headache frequency of 100%) will be excluded. Subjects who do not have a headache frequency of at least 50% will be excluded. Subjects with medication overuse headache will be excluded. A patient with a history of medication overuse who has not overused abortive medications for the past 4 months can be included. Subjects who abuse alcohol or use illicit drugs will be excluded. Subjects considered to be from vulnerable populations will be excluded, including pregnant women, prisoners, subject who are mentally disabled, subjects with cognitive or decisional impairment, and wards of the state
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Headache Frequency | one month | average number of days (in one month) with at least one headache lasting at least 4 hours |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Headache Impact | one month | Headache impact as measured by the headache impact test (HIT-6) HIT-6 total score range between 36 and 78, with larger scores reflecting greater impact Scores less than or equal to 49 = Little or no impact Scores between 50 and 55 = Some impact Scores between 56 and 59 = Substantial impact Scores 60 or great = Severe impact |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Gray Tinted Spectacle Lenses Subjects in this arm will be asked to wear a neutral gray tint that blocks all wavelengths equally
Thin-Film spectacle lenses: A thin film optical notch filter designed to block 480-nm light in the visible spectrum | 5 |
| Thin-Film Spectacle Lenses Subjects in this arm well be asked to wear a thin-film coating that specifically blocks 480-nm wavelength
Gray tinted spectacle lenses: A neutral gray optical tint designed to block all wavelengths in the visible spectrum | 5 |
| Total | 10 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Thin-Film Spectacle Lenses | Total | Gray Tinted Spectacle Lenses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 40 years | 40 years | 40 years |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 5 participants | 10 participants | 5 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 4 Participants | 8 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 5 | 0 / 5 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 5 | 0 / 5 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 5 | 0 / 5 |
Outcome results
Primary
Headache Frequency
average number of days (in one month) with at least one headache lasting at least 4 hours
Time frame: one month
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gray Tinted Spectacle Lenses | Headache Frequency | 12 days | Standard Error 1 |
| Thin-Film Spectacle Lenses | Headache Frequency | 15 days | Standard Error 1.5 |
Secondary
Headache Impact
Headache impact as measured by the headache impact test (HIT-6) HIT-6 total score range between 36 and 78, with larger scores reflecting greater impact Scores less than or equal to 49 = Little or no impact Scores between 50 and 55 = Some impact Scores between 56 and 59 = Substantial impact Scores 60 or great = Severe impact
Time frame: one month
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gray Tinted Spectacle Lenses | Headache Impact | 50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5 |
| Thin-Film Spectacle Lenses | Headache Impact | 55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5 |