Menopause, Multiple Sclerosis
Conditions
Keywords
Hot flash, Estrogen, Women
Brief summary
Duavee is a hormone receptor modulator that has been approved for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in menopausal women. The goal of this 8-week randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot study, is to determine whether this medication alleviates menopausal symptoms in women with MS. The investigators will secondarily determine whether addressing menopausal symptoms ameliorates MS symptoms and, on MRIs, is not triggering worsening inflammation.
Detailed description
Menopause in MS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 3 times more women than men, and before age 50 in about 90% cases, i.e. prior to menopause. There is broad evidence for hormonal regulation of MS in animal models and in clinical cohorts. Around menopause, many clinical patients report symptom worsening associated with hot flashes, sleep disturbance or mood changes. Additionally, individuals at MS may be at increased risk of developing osteoporosis. Longer-term, an age-related decline in gonadal steroids might represent one sex-specific influence on the known age-related increases in disability and conversion to progressive course, which is marked by accelerated brain volume loss and neurodegeneration. Recent data suggest that MS disease severity may worsen after menopause. * Hormone therapy (HT). Despite the benefits of HT (menopausal symptoms, bone density), very few women (\<30% of our cohort) are currently taking HT for menopausal symptoms; this is a result of risks such as (1) breast and endometrial cancer, and (2) stroke in older women in the Women's Health Initiative. Recent data on HT use in MS (Nurses Health Study) did not show any adverse effects on MS course, and women who used HT reported better physical function than women who did not (Bove et al, Neurology 2016). * Study Drug: Duavee, a tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC), combines conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) bazedoxifene (BZA). BZA offsets estrogenic stimulation of endometrial and breast tissue, and CE 0.45mg/BZA 20mg is approved for menopausal symptom (hot flash) relief and osteoporosis prevention, with a favorable tolerability and safety profile. In the current study, 24 women with MS and who are experiencing bothersome menopause symptoms will be enrolled and randomized to receive either 8 weeks of Duavee or 8 weeks of placebo. Visits will be: eligibility, baseline, and 2 month visit.
Interventions
DRUGTissue Selective Estrogen Complex
Once-daily dosing of Duavee for 8 weeks.
DRUGPlacebo
Once-daily dosing of placebo for 8 weeks
Sponsors
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
University of California, San Francisco
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 62 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Women aged 40-62 years. * Perimenopausal: 6 months of amenorrhea; women who had a bi-lateral oophorectomy; women without a uterus and who still have one or both ovaries, with FSH level \> 20 mIU/mL and estradiol ≤ 50 pg/mL; women with a uterus who have skipped 2 or more menstrual cycles with an amenorrhea interval; women who are using the Mirena IUD or who have had an endometrial ablation and who still have one or both ovaries, with FSH level \> 20 mIU/mL and estradiol ≤ 50 pg/mL * Bothersome MS symptoms: Mean of two or more hot flashes/night sweats per 24 hrs; Hot flashes/night sweats rated as bothersome ('moderately' to 'a lot') and/or severe ('moderate' to 'severe') on 4 or more 12 hour (day/night) blocks of times * In general good health (determined by medical history, blood pressure, and heart rate) * No history of endometrial, ovarian, or breast cancer; No abnormal mammogram in the last 2 years; Absence of any current severe or unstable medical illness MS considerations: * If using psychotropic medications: no change in the past 3 months * If on DMT, no change in past 6 months Normal vitamin D levels (20-50 ng/mL)
Exclusion criteria
* BMI \>35 kg/m2 as higher BMI may affect PK/PD * Use of hormone therapy or hormonal contraceptives 2 months prior to enrollment * Use of any prescribed therapy that is taken specifically for hot flashes in the past 1 month. * Use of any over-the-counter or herbal therapies that are taken specifically for hot flashes in the past 2 weeks. * Use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors during the 2 months before enrollment. * Known hypersensitivity or contraindications to estrogen. * Drug or alcohol abuse in the past 1 year * Depression: moderate or severe (HAD score \> 8) Other psychiatric disease meeting DSM-IV criteria * Lifetime diagnosis of psychosis or bipolar disorder. * Pregnancy, intending pregnancy, or breast feeding History of any of the following, as determined by clinician review of the potential participant's medical history: * Pre-breast cancer or high-risk breast cancer condition; * Abnormal bleeding suggestive of endometrial pre-cancer; * Endometrial hyperplasia; * Asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and migraine disorders that are not stable or under medical management; * Active or past history of venous or arterial thromboembolism * History of gallstones IF gallbladder intact * Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia * History of coronary artery disease * Hypersensitivity (angioedema, anaphylaxis) to estrogens, bazedoxifene, or any ingredients * Known hepatic impairment or disease * Thyroid dysfunction on thyroid medications * Known hypoparathyroidism * Blood test results indicating: * Liver function tests: AST \>2.5 times upper limit of normal; ALT \>2.5 times upper limit of normal; total bilirubin 1.5 times upper limit of normal; * Kidney test: creatinine \>1.5 mg/dL; * Blood count: hematocrit \<30%; * Hemoglobin \<8 g/dL. * Current participation in another drug trial or intervention study. * Inability or unwillingness to complete the study procedures. MS considerations: * Clinical relapse within the last three months (to ensure disease stability) * Steroid treatment in prior 1 month * Evidence of other structural brain disease (e.g. prior stroke) MRI considerations: * Metal implants * Prior head trauma * Claustrophobia requiring anxiolytic or sedation, or other contraindication to MRI.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS) Score | Baseline and 8 weeks | The interference of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) with daily life will be assessed using the HFRDIS. Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater interference of hot flashes with daily life. |
| Change in Number of Participants Who Experienced a Reduction in Hot Flashes Per 24 Hours From Baseline to 8 Weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | The number of daily vasomotor symptoms (VMS) will be collected in the form of hot flashes per 24 hours. The average hot flashes per day will be determined at 2 week intervals (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks). The number of women experiencing reduction in hot flashes at week 8 compared to baseline will be counted; when baseline data is unavailable 1-2 week on study data will be used. |
| Change in Average Hot Flashes Per Day From Baseline to 8 Weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | The number of daily vasomotor symptoms (VMS) will be collected in the form of hot flashes per 24 hours. The average hot flashes per day will be determined at 2 week intervals (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks). The average reduction in hot flashes per day over the course of the trial will be determined from the difference between 8 week and baseline frequency (by randomization group, treatment or placebo). When baseline data is not available, the 2 weeks on study data will be used as 'baseline'. Differences \<0 indicate reduction in hot flash frequency over the course of the trial. |
| Number of Participants Reporting Side Effects on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) | 8 weeks | The primary measure will be the percentage of subjects reporting side effects (yes or no) on the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM). The TSQM is used to assess patients' satisfaction with medication, providing scores on four scales - side effects, effectiveness, convenience and global satisfaction. |
| Change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | Baseline and 8 weeks | EDSS total score is a metric used for quantifying disability in MS and monitoring changes in the level of disability over time. The EDSS will be assessed by a the trial neurologist at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The score range is 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle (primary) then the per-protocol principle. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in SDMT Z-score | Baseline and 8 weeks | Regression-based norms for the SDMT were used to convert participants' raw scores at baseline and end of study (8 weeks) to demographically adjusted Z-scores, correcting for the effects of age, gender, and education. Scores are normalized so that 0 represents the mean, scores above 0 fall above the mean and are associated with greater performance on the SDMT. Scores below 0 fall below the mean and are associated with poorer performance on the SDMT. |
| Change in Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) Performance | Baseline and 8 weeks | The LNS is administered to asses working memory and processing speed at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The score range is 0 to 21; higher scores indicate better performance on this test. |
| Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | Baseline and 8 weeks | MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) composite scores provide a patient reported quality of life score assessing physical QOL and mental QOL. A sub-scale of this assessment also assesses energy QOL. These will be measured at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). These scores fall within the range of 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better QOL within that domain or sub-scale. |
| Number of Missed Doses | 8 weeks | The number of missed doses will be assed at the end of study visit. |
| Number of Participants With New or Enhancing Lesions on MRI | 8 weeks | To verify that CE+BZA does not yield any marked changes in inflammatory activity, a randomized subset of 12 participants will undergo MRI at baseline and end of study (8 weeks) to evaluate for new T2 lesions and new gadolinium enhancing lesions. |
| Change in the Bladder Control Scale (BLCS) | Baseline and 8 weeks | Bladder function will be assessed using the BLCS. Patient reported scores will be collected at baseline and at the end of study (8 weeks); scores fall within the range of 0 to 12. Higher scores indicate worse bladder function. |
| Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale (MSRS) | Baseline and 8 weeks | Patient reported disability will be measured by the MSRS at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). Scores range of 0 to 32; higher scores indicate worse patient reported disability. |
| Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) | Baseline and 8 weeks | Cognitive function will be assessed by the MSNQ at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). Scores range 0 to 60 (scores \>27 indicate cognitive impairment). |
| Change in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Raw Score | Baseline and 8 weeks | SDMT is a screening instrument commonly used in clinical and research settings to assess cognitive dysfunction in MS. The SDMT will be administered at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The final raw score is the correct number responses completed in 90 seconds and scores range between 0 and 110; higher scores indicate better performance. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Duavee 1 Tablet of 0.45mg conjugated estrogens/20 mg bazedoxifene daily for 8 weeks
Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex: Once-daily dosing of Duavee for 8 weeks. | 12 |
| Placebo Placebo pill daily for 8 weeks.
Placebo: Once-daily dosing of placebo for 8 weeks | 12 |
| Total | 24 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Duavee | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 51.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 | 50.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 | 51.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 |
| Bladder Control Score | 1 units on a scale | 2 units on a scale | 1.5 units on a scale |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Dimethyl Fumarate | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Fingolimod | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Glatiramer Acetate | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Interferons | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Natalizumab | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) None | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Ocrelizumab | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Rituximab | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Teriflunomide | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Expanded Disability Status Scale Score | 3.0 units on a scale | 3.0 units on a scale | 3.0 units on a scale |
| Hot Flashes (per 24 hours) | 5.6 hot flashes/day | 3.4 hot flashes/day | 4.1 hot flashes/day |
| Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale | 22 units on a scale | 27 units on a scale | 23.5 units on a scale |
| Insomnia Severity Index | 10.5 units on a scale | 8 units on a scale | 9 units on a scale |
| Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) | 10.5 number of correct responses | 9.5 number of correct responses | 10 number of correct responses |
| Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire | 16 units on a scale | 27 units on a scale | 19.5 units on a scale |
| Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) MSQOL-54 Energy | 36 units on a scale | 40 units on a scale | 38 units on a scale |
| Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) MSQOL-54 Mental | 79.3 units on a scale | 71.5 units on a scale | 74.2 units on a scale |
| Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) MSQOL-54 Physical | 64.3 units on a scale | 45.8 units on a scale | 63.0 units on a scale |
| Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale Composite Score | 6 units on a scale | 11 units on a scale | 8.5 units on a scale |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 10 Participants | 11 Participants | 21 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 12 participants | 12 participants | 24 participants |
| SDMT (z-score) | -0.91 z-score | -0.93 z-score | -0.92 z-score |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 12 Participants | 12 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Symbol Digit Modalities (SDMT) Raw Score | 43.5 number of correct responses | 44 number of correct responses | 44 number of correct responses |
| Timed 25 Foot Walk | 4.91 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 | 5.33 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 | 5.15 seconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 1 / 12 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Average Hot Flashes Per Day From Baseline to 8 Weeks
The number of daily vasomotor symptoms (VMS) will be collected in the form of hot flashes per 24 hours. The average hot flashes per day will be determined at 2 week intervals (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks). The average reduction in hot flashes per day over the course of the trial will be determined from the difference between 8 week and baseline frequency (by randomization group, treatment or placebo). When baseline data is not available, the 2 weeks on study data will be used as 'baseline'. Differences \<0 indicate reduction in hot flash frequency over the course of the trial.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 21 participants, due to missing data; in 3 cases, weeks 1-2 of on- study data was used when baseline was unavailable.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in Average Hot Flashes Per Day From Baseline to 8 Weeks | -2.1 hot flashes/day |
| Placebo | Change in Average Hot Flashes Per Day From Baseline to 8 Weeks | -2.6 hot flashes/day |
Primary
Change in Number of Participants Who Experienced a Reduction in Hot Flashes Per 24 Hours From Baseline to 8 Weeks
The number of daily vasomotor symptoms (VMS) will be collected in the form of hot flashes per 24 hours. The average hot flashes per day will be determined at 2 week intervals (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks). The number of women experiencing reduction in hot flashes at week 8 compared to baseline will be counted; when baseline data is unavailable 1-2 week on study data will be used.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 18 participants, due to missing data; in 3 cases, weeks 1-2 of on- study data was used when baseline was unavailable.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in Number of Participants Who Experienced a Reduction in Hot Flashes Per 24 Hours From Baseline to 8 Weeks | 9 Participants |
| Placebo | Change in Number of Participants Who Experienced a Reduction in Hot Flashes Per 24 Hours From Baseline to 8 Weeks | 8 Participants |
Primary
Change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
EDSS total score is a metric used for quantifying disability in MS and monitoring changes in the level of disability over time. The EDSS will be assessed by a the trial neurologist at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The score range is 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle (primary) then the per-protocol principle.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 22 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | -0.5 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | 0 units on a scale |
Primary
Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS) Score
The interference of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) with daily life will be assessed using the HFRDIS. Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater interference of hot flashes with daily life.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 21 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS) Score | 4 score on a scale |
| Placebo | Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS) Score | 9 score on a scale |
Primary
Number of Participants Reporting Side Effects on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM)
The primary measure will be the percentage of subjects reporting side effects (yes or no) on the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM). The TSQM is used to assess patients' satisfaction with medication, providing scores on four scales - side effects, effectiveness, convenience and global satisfaction.
Time frame: 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 16 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Number of Participants Reporting Side Effects on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) | 2 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants Reporting Side Effects on the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) Performance
The LNS is administered to asses working memory and processing speed at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The score range is 0 to 21; higher scores indicate better performance on this test.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 21 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) Performance | 0 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) Performance | 1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Change in SDMT Z-score
Regression-based norms for the SDMT were used to convert participants' raw scores at baseline and end of study (8 weeks) to demographically adjusted Z-scores, correcting for the effects of age, gender, and education. Scores are normalized so that 0 represents the mean, scores above 0 fall above the mean and are associated with greater performance on the SDMT. Scores below 0 fall below the mean and are associated with poorer performance on the SDMT.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: N=21 with available data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in SDMT Z-score | 0.39 z-score |
| Placebo | Change in SDMT Z-score | 0.13 z-score |
Secondary
Change in the Bladder Control Scale (BLCS)
Bladder function will be assessed using the BLCS. Patient reported scores will be collected at baseline and at the end of study (8 weeks); scores fall within the range of 0 to 12. Higher scores indicate worse bladder function.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 16 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the Bladder Control Scale (BLCS) | 1 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the Bladder Control Scale (BLCS) | 0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54)
MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) composite scores provide a patient reported quality of life score assessing physical QOL and mental QOL. A sub-scale of this assessment also assesses energy QOL. These will be measured at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). These scores fall within the range of 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better QOL within that domain or sub-scale.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 16 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Physical | 5.2 units on a scale |
| Duavee | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Mental | 0.3 units on a scale |
| Duavee | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Energy | 0 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Physical | 0 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Mental | 0 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the MS Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL-54) | MSQOL-54: Energy | 0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ)
Cognitive function will be assessed by the MSNQ at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). Scores range 0 to 60 (scores \>27 indicate cognitive impairment).
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 16 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) | -2 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) | 0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale (MSRS)
Patient reported disability will be measured by the MSRS at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). Scores range of 0 to 32; higher scores indicate worse patient reported disability.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 16 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale (MSRS) | 1 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the Multiple Sclerosis Rating Scale (MSRS) | 0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Change in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Raw Score
SDMT is a screening instrument commonly used in clinical and research settings to assess cognitive dysfunction in MS. The SDMT will be administered at baseline and end of study (8 weeks). The final raw score is the correct number responses completed in 90 seconds and scores range between 0 and 110; higher scores indicate better performance.
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Population: Data for this measure available only for 21 participants, due to missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Change in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Raw Score | 3 units on a scale |
| Placebo | Change in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Raw Score | 1 units on a scale |
Secondary
Number of Missed Doses
The number of missed doses will be assed at the end of study visit.
Time frame: 8 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Number of Missed Doses | 0 missed doses |
| Placebo | Number of Missed Doses | 1 missed doses |
Secondary
Number of Participants With New or Enhancing Lesions on MRI
To verify that CE+BZA does not yield any marked changes in inflammatory activity, a randomized subset of 12 participants will undergo MRI at baseline and end of study (8 weeks) to evaluate for new T2 lesions and new gadolinium enhancing lesions.
Time frame: 8 weeks
Population: N=12 with MRI; participants were randomized to the MRI or no MRI group in this double blinded study; thus, by chance a higher number of women allocated to the Duavee arm received MRI's.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Duavee | Number of Participants With New or Enhancing Lesions on MRI | 0 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With New or Enhancing Lesions on MRI | 1 Participants |