Deficiency; Calorie
Conditions
Brief summary
Long term maintenance of weight loss is generally poor, which is at least partly due to increased feelings of hunger associated with restricting what can be eaten. Intermittent severe energy restriction is a novel dietary strategy that requires individuals to consume a very-low energy diet for 1-4 days per week, allowing normal feeding patterns to be adopted on the other days in the week. However, the effect of a consuming a very-low energy diet on appetite regulation, which might represent a key marker of long-term adherence to dieting, has not been determined. This study aimed to assess the effects of severely restricting energy intake for 24 h on markers of appetite regulation, energy balance and metabolism compared to an adequate energy trial.
Interventions
OTHEREnergy intake
Sponsors
National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom
Loughborough University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* non-smoker, not currently dieting, weight stable for \>6 months (self-reported), no known history of cardiovascular or renal disease.
Exclusion criteria
* food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods and drinks, irregular eating patterns, use of medication that could influence hormone concentrations, excessive alcohol consumption (\>4 units/day), intensive training schedule (\>10 h/week)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ad-libitum energy intake | 48 hours | Measured at laboratory-based meals and weight food records |
| Subjective appetite | 48 hours | Measured using visual analogue scales |
| Plasma acylated Ghrelin | 24 hours | Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples |
| Plasma active glugagon-like peptide 1 | 24 hours | Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fat oxidation | 24 hours | Measured under resting conditions using indirect calorimetry |
| Plasma insulin | 24 hours | Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples |
| carbohydrate oxidation | 24 hors | Measured under resting conditions using indirect calorimetry |
| Plasma glucose | 24 hours | Measured using colorimetric assay from venous blood samples |
| Plasma Non-esterified Fatty acids | 24 hours | Measured using colorimetric from venous blood samples |
| Energy expenditure | 24 hours | Measured under resting conditions using indirect calorimetry |
Outcome results
None listed