Preterm Birth
Conditions
Brief summary
Cervical cerclage was devised in the 1950's for women with prior early preterm births (PTB) who developed a dilated cervix detected by manual exam in the second trimester. In contemporary practice, there are three possible indications for cerclage. History-indicated cerclage (HIC) is defined as a cerclage placed usually between 12-15 weeks based solely on poor prior obstetrical history, e.g. multiple second trimester losses due to painless dilatation. Ultrasound-indicated cerclage (UIC) is defined as a cerclage placed usually between 16-23 weeks for transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) cervical length (CL) \< 25mm in a woman with a prior spontaneous PTB. Physical-exam indicated is defined as a cerclage placed usually between 16-23 weeks because of cervical dilatation of 1 or more centimeters detected on physical (manual) examination. Randomized trials and meta-analysis of these have shown that UIC is associated with significant reduction in PTB and improved neonatal outcome, whereas evidence of efficacy for history-indicated cerclage and physical exam-indicated cerclage is limited. In the United States, the national data shows that the rate of cerclage has decreased in the last few years. The indications of placement of cerclage have recently changed, and so it is important to evaluate how many women are getting this procedure. With the recent completion of clinical trials, it is plausible that obstetricians and perinatologists may have become more selective in terms of the best candidates for cerclage. The aim of this RCT is to evaluate the efficacy of cervical pessary in prevention of PTB as adjuctive therapy in women with UIC
Interventions
DEVICECervical pessary
Cervical pessary is a medical device used to treat an incompetent (or insufficient) cervix (cervix starts to shorten and open too early). Early in the pregnancy a round silicone pessary is placed at the opening to the cervix to close it, and then remove late in the pregnancy when the risk of a preterm birth has passed.
Sponsors
Federico II University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 18-50 years of age * Singleton gestations * Women with prior preterm birth and with short cervical length (TVU CL \<25 mm) who underwent UIC
Exclusion criteria
* multiple gestation * Ruptured membranes * Lethal fetal structural anomaly * Fetal chromosomal abnormality * Vaginal bleeding * Suspicion of chorioamnionitis * Ballooning of membranes outside the cervix into the vagina * Painful regular uterine contractions * Labor * Placenta previa
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Preterm delivery | Less than 34 weeks gestation |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | Time of delivery | — |
| Spontaneous preterm birth rates | Less than 24, 28, 34 and 37 weeks gestation | — |
| Spontaneous rupture of membranes | Less than 34 weeks gestation | — |
| Type of delivery: rate of cesaran delivery, vaginal delivery and operative vaginal delivery | Time of delivery | — |
| Neonatal death | Between birth and 28 days of age | — |
| Gestational age at delivery | Time of delivery | — |
| Admission to neonatal intensive care unit | Between birth and 28 days of age | — |
| Chorioamnionitis | Time of delivery | — |
| significant adverse maternal effects | Time of delivery | Includes heavy bleeding, injury (eg erosion; fistula; etc) to vagina; injury (eg erosion; fistula; etc) to bladder, cervical tear and uterine rupture |
| Intolerance to pessary | prior to delivery | Defined as request for removal secondary to discomfort and/or discharge |
| Preterm delivery | Less than 24, 28 and 37 weeks | — |
| Composite adverse neonatal outcome | Between birth and 28 days of age | Includes necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade 3 or higher), respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy, blood-culture proven sepsis and neonatal death |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed