Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Oxytocin, Body dysmorphic disorder, Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Brief summary
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of an acute administration of intranasal oxytocin, relative to placebo, on social cognitive impairments among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, compared to healthy controls.
Detailed description
Despite the development of efficacious pharmacologic and psychological treatments body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), treatment outcome data suggest that there is still considerable room for improvement. A closer examination of biological mechanisms underlying psychopathology may help uncover mechanisms to target during intervention and thereby provide a novel approach to treatment. Given that the neuropeptide, oxytocin, is involved in the regulation of a variety of social and cognitive dimensions, including emotion recognition and social attentional processing, there are direct implications regarding its role in the development of such deficits among individuals with BDD. The current study therefore aims to investigate the effect of oxytocin administration on social cognitive impairments in BDD and a related disorder, OCD. Twenty treatment-seeking male and female outpatients with BDD, 20 individuals with OCD, and 20 healthy participants will be assigned to receive an oxytocin and placebo nasal spray one week apart. During each visit, subjects will complete a series of tasks to measure emotion recognition, attentional biases, interpretive biases, and trust behavior. Importantly, these findings may show that a single administration of oxytocin may alter social cognitive processes thought to maintain BDD, and ultimately inform treatments for BDD.
Interventions
DRUGOxytocin
Oxytocin nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The dose is 24 IU (3 puffs per nostril, 4 IU per puff) of Syntocinon nasal spray.
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The sprays will contain all of the same ingredients as the Syntocinon spray minus the active oxytocin ingredient.
Sponsors
Massachusetts General Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Treatment-seeking adult males and females ≥ 18 years of age * Meets DSM-IV criteria for principal BDD (for BDD group) or principal OCD (for OCD group), as determined by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) diagnostic interview * For females only: must be taking low-dose oral contraceptive pills, as defined by monophasic pills containing \<50 mcg ethinyl estradiol * For healthy volunteers only: does not meet current DSM-IV diagnosis of any Axis I disorder
Exclusion criteria
* Participants in the BDD group will be excluded if they have a comorbid diagnosis of OCD and participants in the OCD group will be excluded if they have a comorbid diagnosis of BDD. * Current diagnosis of schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, substance abuse or substance dependence. All other Axis I comorbidities will be permitted to foster the accrual of a clinically relevant sample. * Significant nasal pathology (e.g., atrophic rhinitis, history of hypophysectomy, recurrent nosebleeds) * Smokers who smoke ≥ 15 cigarettes daily * Serious medical illnesses * Active homicidal or suicidal ideation * Concurrent use of psychotropic medications * Steroid or hormone use (except low-dose oral contraceptive pills for females, which is allowed) * For females only: positive urine pregnancy test and use of high dose estrogen/progestin pills (low dose estrogen/progestin oral contraceptives will be allowed due to stability of hormone levels during active phase) * For healthy volunteers only: any current DSM-IV Axis I disorder
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | 45 minutes post nasal spray administration | This questionnaire includes 48 items for 2 conditions- a self-referent and other-referent condition. Scores are reported for each condition (self-referent or other-referent) reflecting the number of correct responses. Scores range from 0 (least accurate) to 24 (most accurate) for each condition of the questionnaire. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Interpretation Questionnaire | At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration | This questionnaire includes 33 ambiguous scenarios, representing 3 conditions: BDD threat scenarios, social anxiety threat scenarios, and general threat scenarios. Each item involves 3 possible thoughts that may come to mind in the scenarios which reflect positive, negative, and neutral interpretations. Participants will be asked to rate the likelihood of having each of the thoughts on a scale of 0 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Total scores are reported for negative threat interpretations for each of the 3 conditions (BDD threat, social anxiety threat, general threat), with scores ranging from 0 (very unlikely) to 44 (very likely). |
| Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration | The outcome measures are response latencies (in milliseconds) on engagement and disengagement trials for disgust, happy, and neutral cue types. Longer response latencies reflect more sustained attention. |
| Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration | Participants will have the decision of sending between 0 to 10 game dollars to another participant, without any expectation of monetary return. This initial investment amount will serve as a measure of trust, with a transfer of 0 game dollars indicating no trust and a transfer of 10 game dollars indicating maximum trust. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo Participants will first receive a nasal spray containing the hormone oxytocin (24 IU, 3 puffs per nostril). After a one-week washout period, participants will come back to the clinic and receive a placebo nasal spray (containing all of the same ingredients as the oxytocin spray minus the active oxytocin ingredient).
Oxytocin: Oxytocin nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The dose is 24 IU (3 puffs per nostril, 4 IU per puff) of Syntocinon nasal spray.
Placebo: Placebo nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The sprays will contain all of the same ingredients as the Syntocinon spray minus the active oxytocin ingredient. | 20 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin Participants will first receive a placebo nasal spray containing a matching formulation as the oxytocin spray (without the active oxytocin ingredient). After a one-week washout period, participants will come back to the clinic and receive an oxytocin nasal spray (24 IU, 3 puffs per nostril).
Oxytocin: Oxytocin nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The dose is 24 IU (3 puffs per nostril, 4 IU per puff) of Syntocinon nasal spray.
Placebo: Placebo nasal sprays will be self-administered in the presence of a study nurse. The sprays will contain all of the same ingredients as the Syntocinon spray minus the active oxytocin ingredient. | 21 |
| Total | 41 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 27.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 | 27.20 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 | 27.12 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.88 |
| BABS | 11.17 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.41 | 12.73 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.82 | 11.91 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.67 |
| BDD-YBOCS | 24.89 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.55 | 25.11 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.13 | 24.89 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.19 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 21 Participants | 17 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 6 Participants | 1 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 14 Participants | 14 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 13 Participants | 13 Participants | 26 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 34 | 0 / 33 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 15 / 34 | 17 / 33 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 34 | 0 / 33 |
Outcome results
Primary
Emotion Recognition Questionnaire
This questionnaire includes 48 items for 2 conditions- a self-referent and other-referent condition. Scores are reported for each condition (self-referent or other-referent) reflecting the number of correct responses. Scores range from 0 (least accurate) to 24 (most accurate) for each condition of the questionnaire.
Time frame: 45 minutes post nasal spray administration
Population: Data reported for BDD and healthy control participants who completed at least one drug visit. There was one patient in the oxytocin first arm who did not complete second placebo drug visit. OCD group was excluded from analyses due to difficulties with recruitment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD oxytocin- self-referent | 18.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.16 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC oxytocin- self-referent | 15.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD oxytocin- other-referent | 18.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC placebo- self-referent | 15.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.64 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD placebo- self-referent | 17.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.64 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD placebo- other-referent | 18.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.96 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC placebo- other-referent | 16.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.52 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC oxytocin- other-referent | 14.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.74 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC placebo- other-referent | 17.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.36 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD oxytocin- self-referent | 17.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.41 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD placebo- self-referent | 16.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.38 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD oxytocin- other-referent | 18.30 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.77 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | BDD placebo- other-referent | 16.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.15 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC oxytocin- self-referent | 17.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.76 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC placebo- self-referent | 18.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.83 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Emotion Recognition Questionnaire | HC oxytocin- other-referent | 16.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.9 |
Secondary
Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game
Participants will have the decision of sending between 0 to 10 game dollars to another participant, without any expectation of monetary return. This initial investment amount will serve as a measure of trust, with a transfer of 0 game dollars indicating no trust and a transfer of 10 game dollars indicating maximum trust.
Time frame: At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration
Population: Sample includes BDD and healthy control participants who completed at least one drug visit. OCD group was excluded from analysis due to difficulties with recruitment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin HC- Game 1 | 6.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.49 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo BDD- Game 1 | 7.11 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.33 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo HC- Game 1 | 7.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin BDD- Game 1 | 6.11 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.67 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin HC- Game 2 | 7.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin BDD- Game 2 | 7.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.33 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo HC- Game 2 | 8.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.38 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo BDD- Game 2 | 5.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.35 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo HC- Game 2 | 5.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.12 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo BDD- Game 2 | 8.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin BDD- Game 1 | 7.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo BDD- Game 1 | 8.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin BDD- Game 2 | 6.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.51 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin HC- Game 1 | 7.75 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.19 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Placebo HC- Game 1 | 5.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.12 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Amount of Initial Monetary Transfer During Trust Game | Oxytocin HC- Game 2 | 6.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.75 |
Secondary
Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task
The outcome measures are response latencies (in milliseconds) on engagement and disengagement trials for disgust, happy, and neutral cue types. Longer response latencies reflect more sustained attention.
Time frame: At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration
Population: Data reported for BDD and HC participants who completed at least one drug visit. One HC patient in the oxytocin first arm did not complete second placebo visit. Another HC patient in the placebo first arm had missing data from the placebo visit due to administrative error. OCD group was excluded from analyses due to difficulties with recruitment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Happy Engagement | 587.86 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 57.84 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Happy Engagement | 622.08 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 75.2 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Neutral Disengagement | 626.80 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 74.58 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Happy Disengagement | 634.15 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 80.27 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Happy Disengagement | 627.45 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 106.07 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Neutral Engagement | 656.64 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 120.41 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Happy Engagement | 636.56 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 66.07 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Neutral Disengagement | 644.85 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 137.26 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Disgust Disengagement | 622.30 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 77.45 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Disgust Disengagement | 613.12 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 72.78 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Neutral Disengagement | 590.84 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 55.1 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Disgust Engagement | 620.73 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 75.6 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Happy Disengagement | 624.08 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 78.21 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Happy Engagement | 593.97 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 73.17 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Neutral Engagement | 626.99 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 116.93 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Happy Disengagement | 576.44 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 78.04 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Disgust Engagement | 674.00 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 95.03 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Neutral Disengagement | 575.38 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 108.46 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Disgust Disengagement | 604.24 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 63.82 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Neutral Engagement | 571.02 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 84.09 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Disgust Disengagement | 603.58 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 106.17 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Neutral Engagement | 649.77 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 65.46 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Disgust Engagement | 560.64 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 52.51 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Disgust Engagement | 593.57 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 52.72 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Neutral Engagement | 871.63 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 336.02 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Neutral Engagement | 847.44 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 182.6 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Happy Engagement | 689.32 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 282.68 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Happy Disengagement | 581.47 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 67.98 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Neutral Disengagement | 594.96 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 92.18 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Neutral Engagement | 737.74 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 361.07 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Disgust Disengagement | 607.09 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 111.39 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Oxytocin Disgust Engagement | 603.94 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 83.59 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Happy Engagement | 718.41 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 401.92 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Happy Disengagement | 610.25 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 95.03 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Neutral Disengagement | 604.59 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 62.14 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Neutral Engagement | 614.46 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 79.94 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Disgust Disengagement | 601.19 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 66.31 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | BDD Placebo Disgust Engagement | 625.31 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 119 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Happy Engagement | 984.01 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 452.85 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Happy Disengagement | 881.50 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 270.97 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Neutral Disengagement | 781.01 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 231.04 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Disgust Disengagement | 834.81 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 219.3 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Oxytocin Disgust Engagement | 826.90 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 208.97 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Happy Engagement | 811.25 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 200.97 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Happy Disengagement | 919.46 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 268.07 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Neutral Disengagement | 774.14 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 150.24 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Disgust Disengagement | 896.73 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 238.16 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Engagement Towards and Disengagement From Threat Cues in a Spatial Cueing Task | HC Placebo Disgust Engagement | 864.02 milliseconds | Standard Deviation 215.64 |
Secondary
Interpretation Questionnaire
This questionnaire includes 33 ambiguous scenarios, representing 3 conditions: BDD threat scenarios, social anxiety threat scenarios, and general threat scenarios. Each item involves 3 possible thoughts that may come to mind in the scenarios which reflect positive, negative, and neutral interpretations. Participants will be asked to rate the likelihood of having each of the thoughts on a scale of 0 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Total scores are reported for negative threat interpretations for each of the 3 conditions (BDD threat, social anxiety threat, general threat), with scores ranging from 0 (very unlikely) to 44 (very likely).
Time frame: At least 45 minutes post nasal spray administration
Population: One participant (who received oxytocin first) misunderstood the IQ so was excluded from analysis. One subject who received oxytocin first missed the second placebo drug visit. Another subject who received placebo first accidentally did not receive the Interpretation Questionnaire due to administration error. OCD group was excluded from analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- Gen threat | 19.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.82 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- Gen threat | 16.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- BDD threat | 24.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.51 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- SA threat | 27.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.06 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- Gen threat | 20.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.48 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- BDD threat | 21.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.03 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- SA threat | 25.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.76 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- Gen threat | 19.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.13 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- BDD threat | 10.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.94 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- SA threat | 13.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.55 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- BDD threat | 7.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.31 |
| Oxytocin, Then Placebo | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- SA threat | 15.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.11 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- SA threat | 12.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.85 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- Gen threat | 24.33 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.86 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- BDD threat | 7.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.59 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- BDD threat | 26.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.5 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- BDD threat | 8.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.09 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- SA threat | 33.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.29 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo HC- Gen threat | 13.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.45 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin BDD- Gen threat | 22.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.46 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- SA threat | 12.90 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.58 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- BDD threat | 28.78 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.01 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Oxytocin HC- Gen threat | 15.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.13 |
| Placebo, Then Oxytocin | Interpretation Questionnaire | Placebo BDD- SA threat | 31.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.37 |