Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
obesity, lipids, energy expenditure, gene expression
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the modulation of dietary lipids are effective in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities.
Detailed description
Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial etiology and difficult to control. Among lifestyle changes proposed to the treatment of this disease and comorbidities, there is the modulation of dietary lipid composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the modulation of fatty acid (FA) polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) in energy expenditure (EE), weight loss, body composition, lipid and glycemic profile, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, adiponectin, leptin, blood pressure (BP), feeding behavior and expression of PPARα and PPARγ2 genes in adipose tissue (AT) of obese women. It was conducted a parallel, randomized, controlled, single-blind study with dietary intervention (DI) for 60 days, where 32 women with obesity classes I and II were distributed into three groups: G1 = diet rich in n-3 PUFA and n-6 (n = 10); G2 = MUFA-rich diet (n = 11); and G3 = control (n = 11). For G1 and G2 were prescribed normocaloric diets with similar macronutrient composition, varying only the type of lipids offered. In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, both groups received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner (G1 = mix of virgin olive oil \[VOO\] and soybean oil \[SO\], overall of 35.2g to 52.8g / day; G2 = VOO, overall of 35.2g to 50.6 g / day), besides gelatin capsules (G1 = 2 g of fish oil / day; G2 = 1 capsule of 1g of SO / day). G3 was instructed to keep their eating habits and consuming placebos (1 sachet of 2g of SO and 1 capsule of 1g of SO / day).
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTGroup 1 - diet rich in n-3 and n-6 PUFA
In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, the group received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner, besides gelatin capsules, for 60 days.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTGroup 2 - diet rich in MUFA
In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, the group received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner, besides gelatin capsules, for 60 days.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTGroup 3 - Placebo group
Placebo group was instructed to keep their eating habits and consuming placebo for 60 days.
Sponsors
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 39 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* obesity grades I and II (body mass index between 30 and 39,99 kg/m2); * completion of basic education (former 4th primary series).
Exclusion criteria
* menopausal; * weight loss more than three kilograms (3 kg) in the last three months; * diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, nephropathy, liver diseases , thyroid dysfunction; gastrointestinal disorders , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer; * cholecystectomy in the past 12 months and other recent surgeries; * pregnancy or lactation; * smokers; * drugs to lipid-lowering, diabetes, hypertension, depression, or obesity; * food history of allergy or intolerance to vegetable oils (olive oil, soy or canola), fish oil, fish and / or seafood.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Compare the effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in energy expenditure of obese women | Change from baseline energy expenditure at 2 months | The energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry (Vmax Encore 29 Systems®) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in body composition of obese women | Change from baseline body composition at 2 months | The body composition was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in feeding behavior of obese women | Change from baseline feeding behavior at 2 months | Feeding behavior was evaluated by Three Factor Eating Questionnaire |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in gene expression of obese women | Change from baseline gene expression at 2 months | Gene expression of PPARα and PPARγ2 in adipose tissue |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in blood glucose of obese women | Change from baseline blood glucose at 2 months | — |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in blood insulin of obese women | Change from baseline blood insulin at 2 months | — |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in insulin resistance of obese women | Change from baseline insulin resistance at 2 months | Insulin resistance was evaluated by Homeostasis Model Assessment |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in body weight of obese women | Change from baseline loss of body weight at 2 months | — |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in total cholesterol and fractions of obese women | Change from baseline total cholesterol and fractions at 2 months | total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in adiponectin of obese women | Change from baseline adiponectin at 2 months | serum adiponectin |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in leptin of obese women | Change from baseline leptin at 2 months | serum leptin |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in TNF alpha of obese women | Change from baseline TNF alpha at 2 months | serum TNF alpha |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in interleukin 6 of obese women | Change from baseline interleukin 6 at 2 months | serum interleukin 6 |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in insulin sensitivity of obese women | Change from baseline insulin sensitivity at 2 months | Insulin resistance was evaluated by Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index |
Outcome results
None listed