Aniridia
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is designed to evaluate the effect of ataluren on Maximum Reading Speed as measured using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) Acuity Charts in participants with nonsense mutation aniridia. This study involves a 4-week screening period, a 144-week treatment period (Stage 1: Weeks 1 to 48 \[double-masked treatment\] and Stage 2: Weeks 49 to 144 \[open label treatment\]), an optional 96-week open label extension sub-study, and a 4-week post-treatment follow-up period (either study completion or early termination). Participants that choose not to participate in the sub-study will be required to complete the post-treatment follow-up visit at the end of the Stage 2 open-label extension.
Interventions
DRUGAtaluren
Ataluren oral suspension will be administered as per the dose and schedule specified in the respective arms.
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo will be administered as per the schedule specified in the respective arm.
Sponsors
PTC Therapeutics
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Evidence of signed and dated informed consent document(s) indicating that the study candidate (and/or a parent/legal guardian) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. Note: If the study candidate is considered a child under local regulation, a parent or legal guardian must provide written consent prior to initiation of study screening procedures and the study candidate may be required to provide written assent. The rules of the responsible institutional review board/independent ethics committee (IRB/IEC) regarding whether 1 or both parents must provide consent and the appropriate ages for obtaining consent and assent from the participant should be followed. * Body weight greater than or equal to (\>=) 12 kg. * Documentation of the presence of a nonsense mutation in 1 allele of the PAX6 gene as determined by genotyping performed at a laboratory certified by the College of American Pathologists (CAP), or under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act/Amendment (CLIA), or by an equivalent organization. * Clinical diagnosis of aniridia. * Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, study procedures, and study restrictions. * Good general health, as determined at Screening by medical history and physical examination (including vital sign measurements). * No clinically significant abnormality based upon laboratory assessments at Screening, in the opinion of the investigator. * Female participants of childbearing potential are eligible for the study but must be willing to use adequate (at least 1 form of) contraceptive methods as described below during the study treatment period (starting from the day of first dose of study drug and ending 60 days after the last dose of study drug). Childbearing potential is defined as participants who have experienced menarche and who are neither postmenopausal nor have been permanently sterilized. 1. Hormonal methods of contraception (including oral and transdermal contraceptives, injectable progesterone, progestin subdermal implants, progesterone-releasing intrauterine devices \[IUDs\]) initiated at least 14 days prior to the first dose of study drug 2. Abstinence 3. Placement of a copper-containing IUD 4. Condom with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository 5. Postmenopausal at least 12 months prior to first dose of study drug or permanently sterilized (for example, tubal occlusion, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy) 6. Male partner who has had a vasectomy for at least 3 months prior to the first dose of study drug * Male participants with partners of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate (at least 1 form of) contraception as described below during the study treatment period (starting from the day of first dose of study drug and ending 60 days after the last dose of study drug). 1. Abstinence 2. Vasectomy for at least 3 months prior to first dose of study drug or surgically sterile 3. Without a vasectomy, must use a condom with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream suppository
Exclusion criteria
* Participants participating in any drug or device clinical investigation within 90 days prior to Screening or who anticipate participating in any other drug or device clinical investigation within the duration of this study. * Exposure to ataluren within 90 days prior to Screening. * Surgery within 30 days prior to enrollment. * Female participants who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin \[beta-HCG\]) at screening and must use adequate (at least 1 form of) contraceptive methods. * Active ocular infection or inflammation. * Prior or ongoing medical condition (for example, concomitant illness, alcoholism, drug abuse, psychiatric condition), medical history, physical findings, or laboratory abnormality that, in the investigator's opinion, could adversely affect the safety of the participant, makes it unlikely that the course of study drug administration or follow-up would be completed, or could impair the assessment of study results. * Participants with a positive result for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency virus at Visit 1 (Screening). * Ongoing warfarin, phenytoin, or tolbutamide therapy. * Ongoing intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside or IV vancomycin use. * Ongoing systemic cyclosporine therapy. Note: Topical cyclosporine therapy is permitted. * Known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or excipients of the study drug (polydextrose, polyethylene glycol 3350, poloxamer 407, mannitol 25C, crospovidone XL10, hydroxyethyl cellulose, vanilla, colloidal silica, or magnesium stearate). * 20/200 or worse visual acuity in the better eye with best correction. * Participants who are monocular. * Participants with a history of complications due to ocular surgery that could interfere with the study procedures or assessment of study endpoints. * Participants with any other significant ocular or systemic disease that the Investigator determines could interfere with the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Unitas (OU) (Both Eyes) at Week 48, as Measured Using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) Acuity Charts | Baseline, Week 48 | MNREAD Acuity Chart can only be used to assess participants ≥8 years old. MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 centimeters \[cm\]) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a critical print size (CPS) is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the reading acuity (RA). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Both Eyes at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | Reading Accessibility Index is defined as the mean reading speed in words per minute (wpm) across the 10 largest physical print sizes on the MNREAD Acuity Chart, normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults. For a viewing distance of 40 cm, this range of print sizes corresponds to 0.4 to 1.3 logMAR. This range of print sizes was chosen for 2 reasons. First, it sustains the manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRS) in normally sighted persons. Second, it covers most contemporary printed text found in everyday life. Because the Reading Accessibility Index is normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults (aged 18 to 39 years), a Reading Accessibility Index of 1.0 represents normal performance for this age group. Values less than 1.0 mean reduced accessibility to printed text within the range of print size encountered in daily life. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF) method. |
| Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | The BCVA was evaluated using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Method. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method. |
| Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | Maximum Reading Speed was measured using the MNREAD Acuity Chart, which can only be used to assess participants ≥8 years old. The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA. |
| Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | Reading Accessibility Index is defined as the mean reading speed in wpm across the 10 largest physical print sizes on the MNREAD Acuity Chart, normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults. For a viewing distance of 40 cm, this range of print sizes corresponds to 0.4 to 1.3 logMAR. This range of print sizes was chosen for 2 reasons. First, it sustains the MRS in normally sighted persons. Second, it covers most contemporary printed text found in everyday life. Because the Reading Accessibility Index is normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults (aged 18 to 39 years), a Reading Accessibility Index of 1.0 represents normal performance for this age group. Values less than 1.0 mean reduced accessibility to printed text within the range of print size encountered in daily life. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method. |
| Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Baseline to Week 48 | The severity of corneal keratopathy was reported as worsened, not change, or improve. Missing data were imputed using LOCF. |
| Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | Missing data were imputed using LOCF. |
| Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method. |
| Change From Baseline in BCVA at Week 240 | Baseline, Week 240 | The BCVA was evaluated using the ETDRS Method. Missing data were imputed using LOCF method. |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) | Baseline up to Week 244 | An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. AEs included both SAEs and non-serious AEs. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the 'Reported AE section'. AEs were summarized separately for Stage 1 and for the overall ataluren experience, which included all participants who received ataluren throughput the study (Stage 1, open-label extension period \[Stage 2\], and sub-study). |
| Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Baseline, Week 48 | The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method. |
Countries
Canada, United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Ataluren Participants received ataluren orally TID at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the morning, 10 mg/kg at midday, and 20 mg/kg in the evening for 48 weeks in Stage 1 (double-masked period) and for additional 96 weeks in Stage 2 (open-label extension period). Participants, who completed Stage 2 and agreed to continue in open-label sub-study, continued to receive ataluren treatment at same dose as mentioned above, for 96 weeks. | 26 |
| Placebo Participants received placebo matched to ataluren TID orally in the morning, at midday, and in the evening for 48 weeks in Stage 1 (double-masked period) and ataluren orally TID at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the morning, 10 mg/kg at midday, and 20 mg/kg in the evening for additional 96 weeks in Stage 2 (open-label extension period). Participants, who completed Stage 2 and agreed to continue in open-label sub-study, continued to receive ataluren treatment at same dose as mentioned above, for 96 weeks. | 13 |
| Total | 39 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Label Sub-Study (96 Weeks) | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 |
| Open-Label Sub-Study (96 Weeks) | Other than specified | 7 | 4 |
| Stage 1: Double-Masked Period (48 Weeks) | Non-compliance with study drug | 0 | 1 |
| Stage 1: Double-Masked Period (48 Weeks) | Other than specified | 4 | 0 |
| Stage 2: Open-Label Extension (96 Weeks) | Adverse Event | 2 | 1 |
| Stage 2: Open-Label Extension (96 Weeks) | Other than specified | 8 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Placebo | Total | Ataluren |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 19.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.43 | 15.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.88 | 14.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.12 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 12 Participants | 38 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 11 Participants | 33 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 18 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants | 21 Participants | 16 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 26 | 0 / 13 | 0 / 37 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 22 / 26 | 10 / 13 | 35 / 37 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 26 | 0 / 13 | 1 / 37 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Unitas (OU) (Both Eyes) at Week 48, as Measured Using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) Acuity Charts
MNREAD Acuity Chart can only be used to assess participants ≥8 years old. MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 centimeters \[cm\]) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a critical print size (CPS) is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the reading acuity (RA).
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Unitas (OU) (Both Eyes) at Week 48, as Measured Using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) Acuity Charts | 9.87 percent change | Standard Error 7.425 |
| Placebo | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Unitas (OU) (Both Eyes) at Week 48, as Measured Using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) Acuity Charts | -0.89 percent change | Standard Error 11.809 |
Comparison: Analysis was performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age and baseline Maximum Reading Speed (both eyes) as covariates, and treatment as a factor.p-value: 0.486895% CI: [-21.914, 43.434]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in BCVA at Week 240
The BCVA was evaluated using the ETDRS Method. Missing data were imputed using LOCF method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 240
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in BCVA at Week 240 | Left Eye | 0.02 logMAR | Standard Deviation 0.141 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in BCVA at Week 240 | Right Eye | 0.11 logMAR | Standard Deviation 0.24 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48
The BCVA was evaluated using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Method. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.00 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.076 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48 | Right Eye | 0.03 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.125 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.04 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.138 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at Week 48 | Left Eye | 0.01 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.103 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48
The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Both Eyes | -0.19 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.259 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.05 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.198 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | 0.03 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.275 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Both Eyes | 0.12 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.433 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | 0.07 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.271 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Critical Print Size (CPS) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.02 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.452 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48
Missing data were imputed using LOCF.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.15 millimeter square (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 0.333 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.06 millimeter square (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 0.257 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48 | Left Eye | 0.14 millimeter square (mm^2) | Standard Deviation 0.129 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Iris Area at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.14 millimeter square (mm^2) | — |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Both Eyes at Week 48
Reading Accessibility Index is defined as the mean reading speed in words per minute (wpm) across the 10 largest physical print sizes on the MNREAD Acuity Chart, normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults. For a viewing distance of 40 cm, this range of print sizes corresponds to 0.4 to 1.3 logMAR. This range of print sizes was chosen for 2 reasons. First, it sustains the manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRS) in normally sighted persons. Second, it covers most contemporary printed text found in everyday life. Because the Reading Accessibility Index is normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults (aged 18 to 39 years), a Reading Accessibility Index of 1.0 represents normal performance for this age group. Values less than 1.0 mean reduced accessibility to printed text within the range of print size encountered in daily life. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Both Eyes at Week 48 | 0.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.241 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Both Eyes at Week 48 | 0.02 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.267 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48
Reading Accessibility Index is defined as the mean reading speed in wpm across the 10 largest physical print sizes on the MNREAD Acuity Chart, normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults. For a viewing distance of 40 cm, this range of print sizes corresponds to 0.4 to 1.3 logMAR. This range of print sizes was chosen for 2 reasons. First, it sustains the MRS in normally sighted persons. Second, it covers most contemporary printed text found in everyday life. Because the Reading Accessibility Index is normalized by the value for a group of normally sighted young adults (aged 18 to 39 years), a Reading Accessibility Index of 1.0 represents normal performance for this age group. Values less than 1.0 mean reduced accessibility to printed text within the range of print size encountered in daily life. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.601 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | 0.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.048 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | 0.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.224 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Accessibility Index of Right Eye and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | 0.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.128 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48
The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Both Eyes | -0.06 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.239 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.15 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 2.723 |
| Ataluren | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.05 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.142 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Both Eyes | -0.16 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.339 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Left Eye | -0.16 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.467 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline in Reading Acuity (RA) of Both Eyes, Right Eye, and Left Eye at Week 48 | Right Eye | -0.14 LogMAR | Standard Deviation 0.236 |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48
The severity of corneal keratopathy was reported as worsened, not change, or improve. Missing data were imputed using LOCF.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Worsened | 4 Participants |
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Not change | 7 Participants |
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Improved | 8 Participants |
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Worsened | 4 Participants |
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Not change | 7 Participants |
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Improved | 10 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Not change | 2 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Worsened | 2 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Worsened | 2 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Not change | 2 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Right Eye | Improved | 4 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Severity of Corneal Keratopathy at Week 48 | Left Eye | Improved | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. AEs included both SAEs and non-serious AEs. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the 'Reported AE section'. AEs were summarized separately for Stage 1 and for the overall ataluren experience, which included all participants who received ataluren throughput the study (Stage 1, open-label extension period \[Stage 2\], and sub-study).
Time frame: Baseline up to Week 244
Population: The safety population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) | 22 Participants |
| Placebo | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) | 10 Participants |
| Overall Ataluren Exposure | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) | 35 Participants |
Secondary
Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48
Maximum Reading Speed was measured using the MNREAD Acuity Chart, which can only be used to assess participants ≥8 years old. The MNREAD Acuity Chart measures reading speed as a function of print size in participants with normal and low vision. The test consists of short sentences with print size decreasing by 0.1 log unit steps from a maximum of 1.3 logMAR (equivalent to 20/400 or 6/120 when viewed at 40 cm) to -0.5 logMAR (equivalent to 20/6 or 6/2). An MNREAD Acuity Chart curve of reading speed vs print size has a typical shape for normally sighted persons and many low-vision individuals. This curve is characterized by 3 summary values. At large print sizes, reading speed remains fairly constant, forming a plateau that represents the maximum reading speed. As the print size decreases, a CPS is reached at which reading speed begins to decline rapidly. Finally, the smallest print size that can be read is defined as the RA.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 48
Population: The ITT population included all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug. Here, 'Overall number of participants analyzed' = participants evaluable for this outcome measure. 'Number analyzed' = participants evaluable for specified category.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ataluren | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48 | Left Eye | 8.70 percent change | Standard Deviation 36.464 |
| Ataluren | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48 | Right Eye | 19.05 percent change | Standard Deviation 39.116 |
| Placebo | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48 | Left Eye | -4.11 percent change | Standard Deviation 38.38 |
| Placebo | Percent Change From Baseline in Maximum Reading Speed of Oculus Dexter (OD) (Right Eye) and Oculus Sinister (OS) (Left Eye) at Week 48 | Right Eye | -3.83 percent change | Standard Deviation 21.091 |