Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
Fruit, vegetables, income, WIC program, farmers' market
Brief summary
This study is evaluating the WIC Fresh Start program, a theory-driven, web-based nutrition education lesson to promote farmers' market fruit and vegetable purchases and consumption among women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).
Detailed description
This study is evaluating the WIC Fresh Start program, a theory-driven, web-based nutrition education lesson to promote fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Designed to leverage vouchers provided to WIC participants for FV purchases through the Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) and monthly cash value vouchers (CVVs) redeemable at farmers' markets, the lesson is conceptually grounded in formative research on knowledge, attitudes and skills influencing farmers' market FV purchases and consumption and theoretical understanding of approaches for modifying them. Lesson content delivery is primarily through short video segments and audio output to increase accessibility for low-literate learners. Informed by a community-based participatory research approach, WIC participants are engaged as full partners in the development of the lesson and the delivery of content (videos feature WIC participants). The setting is a large WIC agency serving three New Jersey counties. Separate samples of women were recruited to participate in 1) focus groups for guiding lesson content development (N = 56 participants) and pretesting the resulting content (N = 52 participants), 2) cognitive testing to assess the clarity and interpretability of items and response formats in measures of knowledge, attitudes and skills developed for the study (N = 15), 3) one-on-one sessions to assess reactions to initial versions of video segments developed for the lesson (N = 20), and 4) the outcome evaluation (N = 744). Stratified based on FMNP voucher receipt, participants are randomized to receive the lesson or existing online health education. Outcome measures (administered orally to reduce literacy demands of the response task) are completed at pretest (immediately before the lesson), posttest (two weeks after the lesson), and 3 and 6 months after posttesting. Short- and long-term lesson effects on FV intake, FMNP voucher redemption and the redemption of CVVs at farmers' markets will be evaluated. Evidence for mediation by knowledge, attitudes, and skills of lesson effects on FV intake and voucher redemption, dose-response relationships, and user satisfaction with the lesson also will be examined.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALWIC Fresh Start Program
The intervention is an online lesson to promote farmers' market FV purchases and consumption. The lesson comprises three modules, each consisting of 1) behavior change content presented through a video segment featuring WIC participants, and 2) an interactive activity to build targeted knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
BEHAVIORALExisting Online Health Education
Any of seven existing online WIC health education lessons (lessons are available on breastfeeding, being active, fruits and vegetables, calcium, cholesterol, oral health and iron). The lessons consist of an introductory segment presented with online text and graphics. After reading this material, viewers have the option to complete one of four lesson activities. The activities provide opportunities for viewers to read further on the topic and are designed to reinforce key points of the lesson.
Sponsors
USDA Food and Nutrition Service
William Paterson University of New Jersey
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pregnant or postpartum WIC participant * Female caregiver of infant/child WIC participant
Exclusion criteria
* Restrictions on food intake * Classified by WIC as high risk/requiring an individualized nutrition care plan
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Redeemed FMNP Vouchers | 6 months (2015 farmers' market season [June to November 2015]) | The state WIC agency is providing data on FMNP voucher redemption. |
| Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Pretest, posttest (2 weeks after pretest), and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Times per day fruits and vegetable are consumed as assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. |
| Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Cups per day consumed of fruits and vegetables as assessed by a validated fruit and vegetable screener. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Attitudes towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Score range: 6-42 Higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Familiarity with Locally Grown Seasonal Items Score range: 0-3 Higher scores indicate greater familiarity |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Score range: 19-85 Higher scores indicate greater skills |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Farmers' Market Asking Skills Score range: 0-3 Higher scores indicate greater skills |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruit and Vegetables Score range:0-3 Higher scores indicate more favorable ratings |
| Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Lifetime Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Purchases Scores: No (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate indicate that the respondent has ever purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (having ever purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm. |
| Number of Participants Who Redeemed Cash Value Vouchers at Farmers' Markets | 6 months (2015 farmers' market season [June to November 2015]) | The state WIC agency is providing data on cash value voucher redemption. |
| Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Recent Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Purchases Scores: No (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the past two weeks. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (having purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the past two weeks) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm. |
| Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Scores: no (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent intends to purchase fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the next two weeks. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (intending to purchase fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the next two weeks) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm. |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables found at Farmers' Markets in July Score range:0-9 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Food-specific Knowledge Score range: 2-13 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Farmers' Market-specific Knowledge Score range:0-2 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 2 weeks | Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Score range:12-84 Higher scores indicate greater skills |
| Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Index of Knowledge of the FMNP Score range: 0-6 Higher scores indicates greater knowledge |
| Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up | Knowledge of a farmers' market with farmers approved by WIC to accept WIC farmers' Market Nutrition Program and Cash Value vouchers Scores: No (0) and yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent knows of a farmers' market with farmers approved by WIC to accept WIC farmers' Market Nutrition Program and Cash Value vouchers. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (knowledge of such markets) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program Participants in this arm receive the Fresh Start program.
WIC Fresh Start Program: The intervention is an online lesson to promote farmers' market FV purchases and consumption. The lesson comprises three modules, each consisting of 1) behavior change content presented through a video segment featuring WIC participants, and 2) an interactive activity to build targeted knowledge, attitudes, and skills. | 178 |
| Existing Online Health Education Participants in this arm receive existing online WIC health education.
Existing Online Health Education: Any of seven existing online WIC health education lessons (lessons are available on breastfeeding, being active, fruits and vegetables, calcium, cholesterol, oral health and iron). The lessons consist of an introductory segment presented with online text and graphics. After reading this material, viewers have the option to complete one of four lesson activities. The activities provide opportunities for viewers to read further on the topic and are designed to reinforce key points of the lesson. | 172 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) Participants in this arm receive the Fresh Start program and WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers redeemable at farmers' markets.
WIC Fresh Start Program: The intervention is an online lesson to promote farmers' market FV purchases and consumption. The lesson comprises three modules, each consisting of 1) behavior change content presented through a video segment featuring WIC participants, and 2) an interactive activity to build targeted knowledge, attitudes, and skills. | 193 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) Participants in this arm receive existing online WIC health education and WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers redeemable at farmers' markets.
Existing Online Health Education: Any of seven existing online WIC health education lessons (lessons are available on breastfeeding, being active, fruits and vegetables, calcium, cholesterol, oral health and iron). The lessons consist of an introductory segment presented with online text and graphics. After reading this material, viewers have the option to complete one of four lesson activities. The activities provide opportunities for viewers to read further on the topic and are designed to reinforce key points of the lesson. | 201 |
| Total | 744 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 72 | 75 | 82 | 74 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 5 | 7 | 7 | 11 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | WIC Fresh Start Program | Existing Online Health Education | WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 28.83 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.31 | 28.89 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.56 | 29.25 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.44 | 28.91 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.03 | 28.97 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.83 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized African American | 59 Participants | 47 Participants | 47 Participants | 68 Participants | 221 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic | 103 Participants | 99 Participants | 124 Participants | 110 Participants | 436 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Missing | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Two or more races | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 4 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White or other | 9 Participants | 22 Participants | 17 Participants | 18 Participants | 66 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 178 participants | 172 participants | 193 participants | 201 participants | 744 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 178 Participants | 172 Participants | 193 Participants | 201 Participants | 744 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 178 | 0 / 172 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 201 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 178 | 0 / 172 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 201 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 178 | 0 / 172 | 0 / 193 | 0 / 201 |
Outcome results
Primary
Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Times per day fruits and vegetable are consumed as assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest (2 weeks after pretest), and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 3.71 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.18 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 3.90 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.22 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 3.85 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.19 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 4.00 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.18 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 3.78 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.23 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 3.44 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.2 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 3.70 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.18 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 3.88 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.16 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 3.41 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.21 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 3.90 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.17 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 3.26 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.2 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 3.51 Times per day consumed | Standard Error 0.17 |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Redeemed FMNP Vouchers
The state WIC agency is providing data on FMNP voucher redemption.
Time frame: 6 months (2015 farmers' market season [June to November 2015])
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Number of Participants Who Redeemed FMNP Vouchers | 84 participants |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Number of Participants Who Redeemed FMNP Vouchers | 77 participants |
Primary
Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Cups per day consumed of fruits and vegetables as assessed by a validated fruit and vegetable screener.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
Population: Data are reported for the 6-month follow-up assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 4.49 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.21 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 4.74 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.26 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 4.87 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.23 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 4.61 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.21 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 4.91 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.27 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 4.67 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.23 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 4.93 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.21 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 4.54 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.19 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 4.76 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.24 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Posttest | 4.44 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.19 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 6-month follow-up | 4.88 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.23 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Quantity of Fruit and Vegetable Intake | 3-month follow-up | 4.75 Cups per day consumed | Standard Error 0.2 |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Redeemed Cash Value Vouchers at Farmers' Markets
The state WIC agency is providing data on cash value voucher redemption.
Time frame: 6 months (2015 farmers' market season [June to November 2015])
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Number of Participants Who Redeemed Cash Value Vouchers at Farmers' Markets | 7 Participants |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Number of Participants Who Redeemed Cash Value Vouchers at Farmers' Markets | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format.
Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Scores: no (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent intends to purchase fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the next two weeks. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (intending to purchase fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the next two weeks) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
Population: The WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) arm is being compared with the three other study arms.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.04 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.92 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | .97 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.35 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 5.16 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | .96 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.02 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.09 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Behavioral Intentions to Purchase Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Next Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | .98 Odds ratio |
Secondary
Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format.
Knowledge of a farmers' market with farmers approved by WIC to accept WIC farmers' Market Nutrition Program and Cash Value vouchers Scores: No (0) and yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent knows of a farmers' market with farmers approved by WIC to accept WIC farmers' Market Nutrition Program and Cash Value vouchers. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (knowledge of such markets) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
Population: The WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) arm is being compared with each other study arm for this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.25 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.85 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.50 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 5.06 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 4.51 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 4.41 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.44 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.52 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Knowledge of WIC-authorized Farmers' Markets Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.18 Odds ratio |
Secondary
Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format.
Lifetime Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Purchases Scores: No (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate indicate that the respondent has ever purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (having ever purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
Population: The WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm is being compared with the three other study arms.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 8.70 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.78 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.65 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 6.04 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.06 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.50 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.31 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.05 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Ever Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 3.36 Odds ratio |
Secondary
Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format.
Recent Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Purchases Scores: No (0), Yes (1). Higher scores (yes responses) indicate that the respondent purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the past two weeks. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals indicate the likelihood of the outcome (having purchased fruits and vegetables at a farmers' market in the past two weeks) among those in the WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm relative to the comparator arm.
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
Population: The WIC Fresh Start (FMNP) arm is being compared with the three other study arms.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | .81 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.07 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | .44 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.23 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.18 Odds ratio |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | .68 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.25 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | .78 Odds ratio |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to an Item Assessing Whether the Participant Purchased Fruits and Vegetables at a Farmers' Market in the Past Two Weeks Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 1.07 Odds ratio |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales.
Attitudes towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Score range: 6-42 Higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 12.27 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.66 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 12.03 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.78 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 11.92 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.7 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 10.70 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.65 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 11.45 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.81 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 11.48 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.73 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 10.24 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.65 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 11.05 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.59 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 10.19 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.73 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 11.10 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.6 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 12.27 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.7 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Attitudes Towards Farmers' Market Fruits and Vegetables Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 11.42 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.63 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format.
Familiarity with Locally Grown Seasonal Items Score range: 0-3 Higher scores indicate greater familiarity
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.81 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.81 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.06 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.79 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.70 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.80 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.06 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.76 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.86 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.82 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.93 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.67 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.70 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Awareness of Locally Grown, Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.75 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.05 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format.
Farmers' Market Asking Skills Score range: 0-3 Higher scores indicate greater skills
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | .55 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.33 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.29 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.4 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | .49 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.35 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | .45 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.32 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.30 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.59 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 1.31 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.56 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | .85 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.33 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | .92 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.25 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.31 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.45 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 1.14 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.28 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 1.60 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.46 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Asking Skills Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | .68 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.34 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales.
Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Score range:12-84 Higher scores indicate greater skills
Time frame: 2 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 73.06 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.98 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 72.50 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.02 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 73.27 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.09 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 71.72 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.91 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 72.53 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.01 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 73.07 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.13 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 72.19 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.82 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 72.99 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.01 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 72.33 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.9 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 71.55 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.97 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 69.63 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.84 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Farmers' Market Fruit and Vegetable Preparation Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 71.40 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.97 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format
Food-specific Knowledge Score range: 2-13 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | Posttest | 10.42 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.14 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 6-month follow-up | 9.83 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.17 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 3-month follow-up | 9.76 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.15 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | Posttest | 9.47 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.14 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 6-month follow-up | 9.92 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.18 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 3-month follow-up | 9.40 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.16 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 3-month follow-up | 10.11 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.14 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | Posttest | 10.31 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.13 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 6-month follow-up | 10.01 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.16 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | Posttest | 9.33 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.13 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 6-month follow-up | 9.44 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.15 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Food-specific Knowledge Using a True/False Format | 3-month follow-up | 9.31 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.14 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales.
Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Score range: 19-85 Higher scores indicate greater skills
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 67.80 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.92 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 69.11 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.1 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 66.70 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.98 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 63.99 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.91 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 66.13 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.13 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 64.13 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.01 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 66.58 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.91 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 68.47 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.82 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 66.44 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.02 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | Posttest | 63.49 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.84 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 6-month follow-up | 65.23 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.8 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Food Safety Skills Using 7-point Likert Rating Scales. | 3-month follow-up | 62.59 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.88 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets
Farmers' Market-specific Knowledge Score range:0-2 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 6-month follow-up | 1.51 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 3-month follow-up | 1.42 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | Posttest | 1.37 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 6-month follow-up | 1.35 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | Posttest | 1.39 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 3-month follow-up | 1.51 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 3-month follow-up | 1.75 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 6-month follow-up | 1.69 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | Posttest | 1.65 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.07 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 3-month follow-up | 1.63 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | Posttest | 1.51 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Area Farmers' Markets | 6-month follow-up | 1.68 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format.
Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables found at Farmers' Markets in July Score range:0-9 Higher scores indicate greater knowledge
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 8.08 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 8.17 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.3 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 8.14 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.12 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 7.99 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 7.98 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.14 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 7.85 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.12 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 7.91 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 8.22 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 8.17 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.12 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 7.80 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 8.05 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.12 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of Locally Grown Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables Found at Farmers' Markets in July Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 7.95 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.11 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format.
Index of Knowledge of the FMNP Score range: 0-6 Higher scores indicates greater knowledge
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 3-month follow-up | 4.79 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | Posttest | 4.88 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 6-month follow-up | 4.67 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | Posttest | 4.45 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 3-month follow-up | 4.71 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 6-month follow-up | 4.82 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | Posttest | 5.07 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.07 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 6-month follow-up | 5.11 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 3-month follow-up | 5.07 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 3-month follow-up | 5.01 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.08 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | Posttest | 4.85 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.07 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Knowledge of the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program Using a True/False Format. | 6-month follow-up | 4.90 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.09 |
Secondary
Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format.
Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruit and Vegetables Score range:0-3 Higher scores indicate more favorable ratings
Time frame: Pretest, posttest, and 3- and 6-month follow-up
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.91 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.85 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.95 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.86 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.92 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.97 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.97 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.04 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.93 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| WIC Fresh Start Program (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.92 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 3-month follow-up | 2.90 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | 6-month follow-up | 2.96 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |
| Existing Online Health Education (FMNP) | Response to Survey Items Assessing Positive Outcome Expectations for Consuming Locally Grown Fruits and Vegetables Using a Yes/no Format. | Posttest | 2.88 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.03 |