Metastatic Breast Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
Patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving at least one single agent chemotherapy and demonstrating stable disease or disease progression at two consecutive clinical/radiological assessments (at an interval of at least 2 weeks). Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFΒ) blockade will enhance response of irradiated tumors and improve the function of Dendritic and T cells. Patients will receive 300 mg/day of study drug administered via oral drug tablet every day for 14 days on and 14 days off (=28 day cycle). Radiation to a metastatic site will be delivered at a dose of 7.5 Gy, given consecutively on days 1-3-5.
Detailed description
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine which belongs to a superfamily of ligands, including bone morphogenetic proteins and activins \[1-5\]. Under normal conditions, members of the TGFβ family maintain homeostasis in many organ systems. In normal and non-cancerous cells, TGFβ limits the growth of epithelial, endothelial, neuronal, and hematopoietic cell lineages through anti-proliferative and apoptotic responses. In addition, TGFβ exerts potent effects that influence immune function, cell proliferation/ functional differentiation, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix production, cell motility, angiogenesis, and cytokine production. TGFβ has been implicated as an important factor in the growth, progression, and metastatic potential of advanced cancers. Although TGFβ has been shown to suppress the growth of epithelial cells in the early stages of tumor development (premalignant conditions), the effect on advanced cancers is more complex \[1, 5-6\]. Increased production of TGFβ has been found in many neoplasms such as breast, prostate, gastric, renal, and epidermal carcinomas, and elevated plasma TGFβ levels in patients have been correlated with advanced disease, metastases, and lower survival rates \[7-13\]. In these later stage cancers, TGFβ induced growth suppression is lost, and instead, TGFβ promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Eli Lilly has developed and produced a Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor type-1 kinase inhibitor. LY2157299 monohydrate (LY2157299) is a small molecule that inhibits the TGF-β receptor type 1 kinase activity. LY2157299 was developed to investigate its activity in patients with glioblastoma where TGF-β has been demonstrated to play a specific role in tumor progression. In addition, LY2157299 was investigated in other patient populations, either as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with standard anti-tumor treatment regimens for indications including hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. Future investigations include indications with likely TGF-β associated pathway activation, such as melanoma, breast and prostate cancer as well as hematologic malignancies.
Interventions
RADIATIONRadiation therapy
Imaging by PET/CT will be performed at baseline, 5 weeks and 15 weeks. The chosen metastatic sites will receive conformal external beam radiation 7.5 Gy/fraction x 3, to a total of 22.5 Gy over the course of one week.
DRUGStudy Drug
Patients will receive 300 mg/day of study drug administered via oral drug tablet every day for 14 days on and 14 days off (=28 day cycle) .
Sponsors
University of California, Los Angeles
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
: 1. Biopsy proven breast carcinoma which is persistent and metastatic or recurrent and metastatic. 2. Patients must have failed at least one line of chemotherapy for metastatic disease. 3. Patients who are Human epidermal growth factor 2 +(HER2+) as defined by American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (ASCO CAP) guidelines must have failed all prior therapy known to confer clinical benefit 4. Patients must have at least 3 distinct metastatic sites with at least one measurable lesion which is at least 1 cm or larger in largest diameter 5. At the time of enrollment, patients must be ≥ 4 weeks since all of the following treatments (and recovered from the toxicity of prior treatment to \<= Grade 1, exclusive of alopecia): major surgery; radiotherapy; chemotherapy (note: must be ≥ 6 weeks since therapy if treated with a nitrosourea, mitomycin, or monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab); immunotherapy; Biotherapy/targeted therapies. 6. Patient ≥ 18 years of age. Patient life expectancy \> 6 months. Eastern cooperative group (ECOG) of 0 or 1 7. Adequate organ function including: 1. Marrow: Hemoglobin \>= 10.0 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=1,500/mm3, and platelets \>=100,000/mm3. 2. Hepatic: Serum total bilirubin \<=1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (Patients with Gilbert's Disease may be included if their total bilirubin is \<= 3.0 mg/dL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \<= 2.5 x ULN. If the patient has known liver metastases, an ALT and/or AST \<= 5 x ULN are allowed. 3. Renal: Estimated or measured creatinine clearance \>= 60 mL/min. 4. Other: Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) \< ULN. 8. Patients must have negative tests (antibody and/or antigen) for hepatitis viruses B and C unless the result is consistent with prior vaccination or prior infection with full recovery. 9. Male and female patients of child-producing potential must agree to use effective contraception while enrolled on study and receiving the experimental drug, and for at least 3 months after the last treatment.
Exclusion criteria
: 1. Patients diagnosed with another malignancy - unless following curative intent therapy, the patient has been disease free for at least 2 years and the probability of recurrence of the prior malignancy is \< 5%. Patients with curatively treated early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are eligible for this study. 2. Concurrent cancer therapy is not permitted. 3. Uncontrolled central nervous system (CNS) metastases, meningeal carcinomatosis, malignant seizures, or a disease that either causes or threatens neurologic compromise (e.g., unstable vertebral metastases). 4. History of ascites or pleural effusions, unless successfully treated. 5. Patients with an organ transplant, including those that have received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 6. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy including: 1. Systemic corticosteroid therapy for any reason, including replacement therapy for hypoadrenalism. Patients receiving inhaled or topical corticosteroids may participate (if therapy is \< 5 days and is limited to systemic steroids as antiemetics). 2. Patients receiving cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, or sirolimus are not eligible for this study. 7. Use of investigational agents within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment (within 6 weeks if the treatment was with a long-acting agent such as a monoclonal antibody). 8. Patients with moderate or severe cardiac disease: 1. have the presence of cardiac disease, including a myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study entry, unstable angina pectoris, New York Heart Association Class III/IV congestive heart failure, or uncontrolled hypertension. 2. have documented major electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities (not responding to medical treatments) at the investigator's discretion (for example, symptomatic or sustained atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, second- or third-degree atrio ventricular block, complete bundle branch block, ventricular hypertrophy, or recent myocardial infarction). 3. have major abnormalities documented by echocardiography (ECHO) with Doppler (for example, moderate or severe heart valve function defect and/or left ventricular ejection fraction \<50%, evaluation based on the institutional lower limit of normal). For additional details, refer to ECHO protocol. 4. have predisposing conditions that are consistent with development of aneurysms of the ascending aorta or aortic stress (for example, family history of aneurysms, Marfan-Syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, evidence of damage to the large vessels of the heart documented by computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast). 9. B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) above 3 times the baseline value and above the ULN that is sustained consecutive, scheduled blood draws. Troponin I above ULN, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) above ULN or Cystatin above ULN. 10. Patients with a remote history of asthma or active mild asthma may participate. 11. Active infection, including unexplained fever (temperature \> 38.5 deg.C). 12. Systemic autoimmune disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, active rheumatoid arthritis, Marfan Syndrome, etc.). 13. A known allergy to any component of LY2157299. 14. Patients who, in the opinion of the Investigator, have significant medical or psychosocial problems that warrant exclusion. Examples of significant problems include, but are not limited to: 1. Other serious non-malignancy-associated medical conditions that may be expected to limit life expectancy or significantly increase the risk of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). 2. Any condition, psychiatric, substance abuse, or otherwise, that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude informed consent, consistent follow-up, or compliance with any aspect of the study 15. Pregnant or nursing women, due to the unknown effects ofLY2157299 on the developing fetus or newborn infant.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events | until end of study | Patients who have received at least one 14 days cycle of the study drug will be followed for toxicity (lack of grade 4 toxicity- primary safety end point). Physical exam (including labs) will be performed every 2 weeks while on the study. Patients will be followed with follow-up visits monthly for the first three months after completing therapy then annually for 5 years. Adverse Events will be monitored throughout the course of the study using the NCI CTCAE vers. 4.0. |
| Number of Participants Non-irradiated Tumor Lesions That Had a Response. | Until next progression up to 3 years | To determine if treatment with TGFΒ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and localized RT achieves an abscopal tumor regression |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Received Radiation to the Tumor Who Had a Response. | 25 weeks | to estimate the local response rate of combining TGFΒ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and local radiotherapy |
| Number of Participants Who Had a Change in Their T Regulatory Cell Numbers and Function Over the Course of the Study. | 2 years | To determine if treatment with TGFβ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and localized RT alters the numbers and function of T-reg cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer |
| Number of Participants With Enhanced Tumor Specific Immunity. | 2 years | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Study Drug & Radiation Therapy Study Drug: Enrolled patients will receive 300 mg/day of LY2157299. LY2157299 will be administered as an oral drug tablet.
The study drug will be administered orally on a 28-day cycle (1 cycle=28 days), every 2 weeks, or 14 days on / 14 days off. Blood samples will be obtained at baseline, and weeks 2, 6 and 15 for immune monitoring.
Radiation therapy : Patients will receive Radiation therapy to a metastatic site at a dose of 7.5 Gy, given consecutively on days 1, 3 and 5, during Week 1 of their treatment.
Radiation therapy: Imaging by PET/CT will be performed at baseline, 5 weeks and 15 weeks. The chosen metastatic sites will receive conformal external beam radiation 7.5 Gy/fraction x 3, to a total of 22.5 Gy over the course of one week.
Study Drug: Patients will receive 300 mg/day of study drug administered via oral drug tablet every day for 14 days on and 14 days off (=28 day cycle) . | 3 |
| Total | 3 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Progression of disease | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm 1 - Study Drug & Radiation Therapy |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 1 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 2 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 61 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 1 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 2 / 3 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 3 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 3 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants Non-irradiated Tumor Lesions That Had a Response.
To determine if treatment with TGFΒ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and localized RT achieves an abscopal tumor regression
Time frame: Until next progression up to 3 years
Population: Only 1 patient completed protocol therapy. 2 patients were removed from the study for disease progression.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Study Drug & Radiation Therapy | Number of Participants Non-irradiated Tumor Lesions That Had a Response. | 1 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events
Patients who have received at least one 14 days cycle of the study drug will be followed for toxicity (lack of grade 4 toxicity- primary safety end point). Physical exam (including labs) will be performed every 2 weeks while on the study. Patients will be followed with follow-up visits monthly for the first three months after completing therapy then annually for 5 years. Adverse Events will be monitored throughout the course of the study using the NCI CTCAE vers. 4.0.
Time frame: until end of study
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Study Drug & Radiation Therapy | Number of Participants With Adverse Events | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Had a Change in Their T Regulatory Cell Numbers and Function Over the Course of the Study.
To determine if treatment with TGFβ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and localized RT alters the numbers and function of T-reg cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Time frame: 2 years
Population: Due to early termination of the study, blood samples at all time points could not be collected. So this outcome measure couldn't be analyzed.
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Received Radiation to the Tumor Who Had a Response.
to estimate the local response rate of combining TGFΒ receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 and local radiotherapy
Time frame: 25 weeks
Population: Only one patient continued past 25 weeks.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Study Drug & Radiation Therapy | Number of Participants Who Received Radiation to the Tumor Who Had a Response. | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Enhanced Tumor Specific Immunity.
Time frame: 2 years
Population: Due to early termination of the study, blood samples at all time points could not be collected. So this outcome measure couldn't be analyzed.