Prostate Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Advanced Prostate Cancer, Neoadjuvant, Hormone therapy, ADT, Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Chemotherapy, Radical Prostatectomy
Brief summary
This is a study for men who have locally-advanced prostate cancer and are eligible to undergo prostatectomy. Standard treatment is prostatectomy alone, but there is a chance that cancer may spread to other organs in the future, even after the prostate is removed. If this were to occur, standard treatment would be androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; hormone therapy that blocks testosterone) plus chemotherapy. Clinical trials suggest that neoadjuvant treatment (treatment given before primary therapy) may prevent a recurrence. The purpose of this research study is to assess the safety and benefit of ADT plus chemotherapy given before prostate removal.
Detailed description
This is an open-label, single-arm study of neoadjuvant ADT and chemotherapy in subjects with non-metastatic, locally-advanced prostate cancer who are eligible for radical prostatectomy. Patients will be treated with 4 monthly injections of degarelix along with two 8-week cycles of chemotherapy. Each cycle of chemotherapy will consist of 6 weeks of chemotherapy and 2 weeks of rest. In the absence of toxicity or disease progression, patients will receive 2 cycles of treatment prior to radical prostatectomy. The primary endpoint will be complete or near-complete pathologic response. Safety will be assessed on any patient receiving at least one dose of study drug by the reporting of adverse events, vital signs and by the assessment of findings on physical exam and routine safety laboratory determinations. The severity of adverse events and certain abnormal laboratory findings will be assessed according to the NCI CTCAE V4.03. Laboratory-based studies will evaluate the following: * Complete metabolic profile o BUN, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, ALT/AST, total bilirubin, LDH, calcium, albumin, glucose, magnesium, uric acid, phosphorous * Electrolytes o Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2 content * Hematology * CBC with differential, platelet count * PT, INR, PTT * Testosterone * Biomarkers * PSA * CTCs
Interventions
DRUGDegarelix
Subcutaneous injection, once/month for 4 months
DRUGDoxorubicin
20 mg/m2 as a 24-hour intravenous infusion on day 1 each week, weeks 1, 3, and 5
DRUGKetoconazole
400 mg orally 3 times daily for 7 days, in weeks 1, 3, and 5
DRUGDocetaxel
35 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 of each week, weeks 2, 4, and 6
DRUGEstramustine
280 mg orally 3 times daily for 7 days, in weeks 2, 4, and 6
Sponsors
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Pathologic proof of prostatic adenocarcinoma without evidence of regional and/or distant metastasis, clinical stage T1c or T2a with high grade disease (Gleason 8-10) on initial biopsy, clinical stage T2b-T2c with Gleason grade 7 (4+3), or clinical stage T3. No neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features. * Recent (\<6 weeks prior to study entry) negative bone scan and CT of the chest and abdomen. * Appropriate surgical candidate for radical prostatectomy and a performance status of \<2 (ECOG scale). * Adequate bone marrow function as defined as an absolute peripheral granulocyte count \>1500 and platelet count \>100,000. * Adequate hepatic function per the following criteria: * Albumin ≥2.8 g/dL * AST and ALT ≤5 x ULN * Total bilirubin \<2 mg/dL * Adequate renal function per the following criteria: o Serum creatinine ≤1.5 x ULN * Normal coagulation profile (INR ≤ 1.5, aPTT ≤ 1.5 x ULN for the lab) and no history of substantial non-iatrogenic bleeding diatheses. Use of anticoagulants is limited to local use only (for control of central line patency). * Age ≥ 18 years * Written informed consent to participate in this study.
Exclusion criteria
* Prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features * Surgical resection or major surgery within 4 weeks or stereotactic biopsy within 1 week of first ADT and chemotherapy treatment * Previous or current hormonal treatment, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or investigational study drug. * Unable to tolerate multiparametric MRI or is contraindicated. * Patients not appropriate surgical candidates for radical prostatectomy based on the evaluation of coexistent medical diseases and competing causes of death. * Patients with uncontrolled cardiac, hepatic, renal, or neurologic/psychiatric disorder. * Severe gastrointestinal bleeding within 12 weeks of treatment with ADT and chemotherapy * Patients who are HIV positive or have chronic hepatitis B or C infections. * Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4, or history of congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4, unless a 2D echocardiogram or multi-gated acquisition scan (MUGA) performed within 3 months of enrollment demonstrates a left ventricular ejection fraction \>45%. * Sensory neuropathy grade \>1. * History of another malignancy within the previous 5 years other than curatively treated non-melanoma skin cancer. * Use of herbal products that may decrease PSA levels (e.g., saw palmetto) or systemic corticosteroids greater than the equivalent of 10 mg of prednisone per day within 4 weeks of enrollment. * Any other condition, including concurrent medical condition, social circumstance or drug dependency, which in the opinion of the investigator could compromise patient safety and/or compliance with study requirements
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy as Measured by Pathologic Response | Day of prostate removal, which is about 5 months following the day participant signed consent. | Pathologic response is defined by percentage of tumor burden remaining at time of prostate removal. Percentage of tumor burden is measured based on a pathologist's assessment of the prostate tissue removed and visual estimate of how much tumor there is in the prostate. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | baseline | Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. |
| Efficacy as Measured by Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Numbers | From the time the participant signs the informed consent until prostatectomy, an average of 5 months. | — |
| Efficacy as Measured by Volume of the Prostate Tumor as Assessed by Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) | baseline | The volume of the prostate tumor was measured by a radiologist's assessment of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging. |
| Safety of Drug Regimen as Measured by Number of Adverse Events | From the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until participant's completion of neoadjuvant ADT plus chemotherapy. | Number of adverse events was measured as a count of all participant adverse events that occurred from the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until participant's completion of neoadjuvant ADT plus chemotherapy. |
| Surgical Morbidity as Measured by Number of Adverse Events | From the time the participant signs the informed consent until the participant was taken off-study or the study was stopped, an average of 20 months | Number of adverse events was measured as a count of all participant adverse events that occurred from the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until the participant was taken off-study or the study was stopped, an average of 20 months |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy Patients will be treated with 4 monthly injections of degarelix along with two 8-week cycles of chemotherapy (doxorubicin and ketoconazole, weeks 1, 3, 5 and docetaxel and estramustine, weeks 2, 4, 6). Each cycle of chemotherapy will consist of 6 weeks of chemotherapy and 2 weeks of rest. In the absence of toxicity or disease progression, patients will receive 2 cycles of treatment prior to radical prostatectomy.
Degarelix: Subcutaneous injection, once/month for 4 months
Doxorubicin: 20 mg/m2 as a 24-hour intravenous infusion on day 1 each week, weeks 1, 3, and 5
Ketoconazole: 400 mg orally 3 times daily for 7 days, in weeks 1, 3, and 5
Docetaxel: 35 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 of each week, weeks 2, 4, and 6
Estramustine: 280 mg orally 3 times daily for 7 days, in weeks 2, 4, and 6 | 4 |
| Total | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | ADT + Chemotherapy |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 58 years |
| ECOG Performance Status 0 | 4 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 1 | 0 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 2 | 0 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 3 | 0 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 4 | 0 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 5 | 0 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 4 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 4 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 4 / 4 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 4 |
Outcome results
Primary
Efficacy as Measured by Pathologic Response
Pathologic response is defined by percentage of tumor burden remaining at time of prostate removal. Percentage of tumor burden is measured based on a pathologist's assessment of the prostate tissue removed and visual estimate of how much tumor there is in the prostate.
Time frame: Day of prostate removal, which is about 5 months following the day participant signed consent.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Pathologic Response | 30 percentage of tumor burden remaining |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Numbers
Time frame: From the time the participant signs the informed consent until prostatectomy, an average of 5 months.
Population: This data was not collected for any participants.
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: Cycle 2 Day 1, about 8 weeks after treatment initiation (but before prostatectomy)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.4 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: Cycle 2 Day 57, about 16 weeks after treatment initiation (but before prostatectomy)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.15 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: Day 133, about 19 weeks after treatment initiation (but before prostatectomy)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.055 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: about 20 weeks after treatment initiation (day of prostatectomy)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.01 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: about 32 weeks after treatment initiation (about 12 weeks after prostatectomy)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.01 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: about 68 weeks after treatment initiation (about 48 weeks after prostatectomy)
Population: This data was collected for only 3 out of the 4 participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.1 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: about 44 weeks after treatment initiation (about 24 weeks after prostatectomy)
Population: This data was only collected for 3 out of the 4 participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 0.35 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels
Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Levels | 58.7 ng/mL |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Volume of the Prostate Tumor as Assessed by Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI)
The volume of the prostate tumor was measured by a radiologist's assessment of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging.
Time frame: baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Volume of the Prostate Tumor as Assessed by Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) | 19.3 cc |
Secondary
Efficacy as Measured by Volume of the Prostate Tumor as Assessed by Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI)
The volume of the prostate tumor was measured by a radiologist's assessment of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging.
Time frame: post treatment but prior to prostatectomy (about 25 days after the end of treatment)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Efficacy as Measured by Volume of the Prostate Tumor as Assessed by Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) | 3.75 cc |
Secondary
Safety of Drug Regimen as Measured by Number of Adverse Events
Number of adverse events was measured as a count of all participant adverse events that occurred from the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until participant's completion of neoadjuvant ADT plus chemotherapy.
Time frame: From the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until participant's completion of neoadjuvant ADT plus chemotherapy.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Safety of Drug Regimen as Measured by Number of Adverse Events | 119 adverse event |
Secondary
Surgical Morbidity as Measured by Number of Adverse Events
Number of adverse events was measured as a count of all participant adverse events that occurred from the time participant first initiates ADT plus chemotherapy until the participant was taken off-study or the study was stopped, an average of 20 months
Time frame: From the time the participant signs the informed consent until the participant was taken off-study or the study was stopped, an average of 20 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| ADT + Chemotherapy | Surgical Morbidity as Measured by Number of Adverse Events | 119 adverse event |