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A Pivotal Study to Assess the InSpace™ Device for Treatment of Full Thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

A Prospective, Single Blinded, Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled, Pivotal Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of the InSpace™ Device for Treatment of Full Thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

Status
Completed
Phases
NA
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT02493660
Enrollment
184
Registered
2015-07-09
Start date
2015-06-26
Completion date
2020-03-17
Last updated
2022-06-15

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Rotator Cuff Syndrome

Keywords

Massive Rotator Cuff Tear, Arthroscopy, Shoulder Joint, Rotator cuff partial repair

Brief summary

A pivotal study to assess the safety and effectiveness of the InSpace™ device implantation in comparison to surgical partial repair of full thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tear (MRCT).

Detailed description

This is a non-inferiority, prospective, single blinded, multi-center, randomized, controlled, pivotal study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the InSpace™ device as a primary surgical treatment for full thickness MRCT in comparison to Partial Repair of a full thickness MRCT performed during an arthroscopic procedure.

Interventions

DEVICEInSpace sub-acromial tissue spacer system

Arthroscopic implantation of InSpace sub-acromial tissue spacer system

PROCEDUREPartial repair of rotator cuff

Arthroscopic partial repair of rotator cuff

Sponsors

OrthoSpace Ltd.
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

Main Inclusion Criteria: * Positive diagnostic imaging by MRI of the index shoulder indicating a full thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tear (MRCT), measuring ≥ 5 cm in diameter involving ≥ two tendons (confirmed Intra-operatively) * Functional deltoid muscle and preserved passive range of motion on physical examination * Documented VAS score of \> 30 mm pain * Failed non-operative treatment of at least 4 months * Patient in general good health,independent, and can comply with all post-operative evaluations and visits. Main

Exclusion criteria

* Known allergy to the device material (copolymer of PLA and -ε-caprolactone) * Evidence of the following conditions: 1. significant gleno-humeral or acromiohumeral arthritis 2. full thickness cartilage loss as seen on MRI 3. gleno-humeral instability (excessive translation of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa) 4. pre-existing deltoid defect or deltoid palsy 5. major joint trauma, infection or necrosis 6. partial thickness tears of the supraspinatous 7. fully reparable rotator cuff tear \[Tear of less than 5 cm in diameter (or \< 4 cm2) with retractable tendon that can be fully repaired\] * The subject requires concomitant subscapularis repair and/or labral repair * Previous surgery of the index shoulder in the past 1 year, excluding diagnostic arthroscopy * The subject's condition is bilateral and rotator cuff repair is scheduled or to be scheduled over the course of this study for the contra lateral shoulder * Major medical condition that could affect quality of life and influence the results of the study (e.g. HIV or other immunosuppressive conditions, active malignancy in the past 5 years, acute MI, CVA, etc.) * Documented evidence of a history of drug/alcohol abuse within 12 months of enrollment * The subject's condition represents a worker's compensation case * The subject is currently involved in a health-related litigation procedure * Females of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or breastfeeding or plan to become pregnant during the course of the study * Concurrent participation in any other investigational clinical study one month prior to enrollment or during the entire study period * The subject has implanted metallic devices (e.g., cardiac pacemakers, insulin pumps, nerve stimulators), medically implanted clips or other electronically, magnetically or mechanically activated implants that would contraindicate undergoing a MRI scan or has claustrophobia that would inhibit ability to undergo a MRI scan . * The subject is physically or mentally compromised (e.g., currently being treated for a psychiatric disorder, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, etc.), to the extent that the Investigator judges the subject to be unable or unlikely to remain compliant to follow-up * The subject is receiving prescription narcotic pain medication for conditions unrelated to the index shoulder condition * The subject currently has an acute infection in the area surrounding the surgical site.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Percentage of Participants in the Per Protocol Population With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears From Baseline to Month 12 With no SSSIs and no SADEs.Baseline to month 12The primary composite effectiveness endpoint was defined as achievement of improvement for the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) score (≥275 points) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score (≥6.4 points) by week 6 and maintenance at month 12 without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs). The improvement of points of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) of at least 275 (point scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) at least 6.4 (point scale of 0-100:higher score is better) reflect the required number of points in improvement for treatment to be considered successful.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Composite Endpoint Component Level Success for WORC at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)Baseline to month 12The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as a composite component-level success at Month 12 for Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) total score improvement (≥275) (scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs).
Composite Endpoint Component Level Success for ASES at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)Baseline to month 12The secondary endpoint was defined as a composite component-level success for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ( ASES) compared at baseline to Month 12 without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs).. The total score improvement of (≥ 6.4 points) (scale of 0-100:higher score is better) from baseline in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.
Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. WORCBaseline through to month 24The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline to Month 24 for Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) total score improvement (≥275) (scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.
Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. ASESBaseline through to month 24Mean change in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score from baseline to month 24. The improvement of points of the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) at least 6.4 (point scale of 0-100:higher score is better) reflect the required number of points in improvement for treatment to be considered successful.
Composite Endpoint of WORC Improvement ≥275 and ASES Improvement ≥6.4 at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (Pre-specified). Composite WORC ASES and Safety to M24Baseline through to Month 24Composite Endpoint Per Protocol Population (PP) of WORC Improvement ≥ 275 and ASES Improvement ≥ 6.4 from baseline at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 with no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (pre-specified).
The Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for EQ-5D-5L for Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff TearsBaseline through to month 24The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as change in baseline to Month 24 for Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L) (scale of 0-100: lower score better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.
Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for VAS in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff TearsBaseline through to month 24The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as the mean change from baseline at Month 24 for Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (scale of 0-100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.
Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for ASES ROM in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff TearsBaseline through to month 24The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline at Month 24 for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) range of motion (ROM)-physician reported portion. (scale of 0-180 Degrees: higher score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.
Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) in the Intent To Treat Population (ITT) With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff TearsBaseline to month 24The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) Shoulder Outcome score (where the scale of 0-100:higher score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Countries

Canada, United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Subjects assessed for eligibility n=229

Pre-assignment details

Subjects excluded (n=45) for various reasons, not meeting criteria (n=11), declined to participate (n=12), and Other (n=22) such as, no medical clearance for surgery, intra-op screen failures, enrollment full.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
InSpace Implantation
Arthroscopic InSpace (Sub-acromial tissue spacer system) implantation InSpace sub-acromial tissue spacer system: Arthroscopic implantation of InSpace sub-acromial tissue spacer system
93
Tendon Repair
Arthroscopic partial repair of rotator cuff Partial repair of rotator cuff: Arthroscopic partial repair of rotator cuff
91
Total184

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyAdverse Event42
Overall StudyDeath01
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up24
Overall StudyPhysician Decision01
Overall StudyProtocol Violation01
Overall StudySubject unable to return for follow-up visits20
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject23

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicTendon RepairTotalInSpace Implantation
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
47 Participants102 Participants55 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
44 Participants82 Participants38 Participants
Age, Continuous64.7 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.88
65.8 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.84
66.8 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants4 Participants2 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
89 Participants180 Participants91 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants2 Participants1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
7 Participants14 Participants7 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
3 Participants5 Participants2 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
80 Participants163 Participants83 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Canada
12 participants27 participants15 participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
78 participants156 participants78 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
41 Participants84 Participants43 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
50 Participants100 Participants50 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 931 / 91
other
Total, other adverse events
67 / 9369 / 91
serious
Total, serious adverse events
22 / 9322 / 91

Outcome results

Primary

Percentage of Participants in the Per Protocol Population With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears From Baseline to Month 12 With no SSSIs and no SADEs.

The primary composite effectiveness endpoint was defined as achievement of improvement for the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) score (≥275 points) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score (≥6.4 points) by week 6 and maintenance at month 12 without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs). The improvement of points of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) of at least 275 (point scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) at least 6.4 (point scale of 0-100:higher score is better) reflect the required number of points in improvement for treatment to be considered successful.

Time frame: Baseline to month 12

Population: Percentage of participants in the Per Protocol Population (PP) with surgical treatment success of the InSpace device as a Primary surgical treatment for Full-thickness massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT).

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
InSpace ImplantationPercentage of Participants in the Per Protocol Population With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears From Baseline to Month 12 With no SSSIs and no SADEs.51.1 percentage of participants
Tendon RepairPercentage of Participants in the Per Protocol Population With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears From Baseline to Month 12 With no SSSIs and no SADEs.39.8 percentage of participants
p-value: 0.0049Regression, Logistic
Secondary

Composite Endpoint Component Level Success for ASES at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)

The secondary endpoint was defined as a composite component-level success for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ( ASES) compared at baseline to Month 12 without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs).. The total score improvement of (≥ 6.4 points) (scale of 0-100:higher score is better) from baseline in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline to month 12

Population: Per Protocol Population

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
InSpace ImplantationComposite Endpoint Component Level Success for ASES at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)96.3 percentage of participants
Tendon RepairComposite Endpoint Component Level Success for ASES at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)90.9 percentage of participants
Comparison: Results from logistic regression model.p-value: <0.05Regression, Logistic
Secondary

Composite Endpoint Component Level Success for WORC at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as a composite component-level success at Month 12 for Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) total score improvement (≥275) (scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs).

Time frame: Baseline to month 12

Population: Per Protocol Population

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
InSpace ImplantationComposite Endpoint Component Level Success for WORC at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)89.8 percentage of participants
Tendon RepairComposite Endpoint Component Level Success for WORC at Month 12 Compared to Baseline in the Per Protocol Population (PP)87.5 percentage of participants
Secondary

Composite Endpoint of WORC Improvement ≥275 and ASES Improvement ≥6.4 at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (Pre-specified). Composite WORC ASES and Safety to M24

Composite Endpoint Per Protocol Population (PP) of WORC Improvement ≥ 275 and ASES Improvement ≥ 6.4 from baseline at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 with no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (pre-specified).

Time frame: Baseline through to Month 24

Population: Per Protocol Population with no major protocol deviations.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
InSpace ImplantationComposite Endpoint of WORC Improvement ≥275 and ASES Improvement ≥6.4 at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (Pre-specified). Composite WORC ASES and Safety to M2446.3 percentage of participants
Tendon RepairComposite Endpoint of WORC Improvement ≥275 and ASES Improvement ≥6.4 at Week 6 Maintained at Month 24 no Subsequent Secondary Surgical Intervention (SSSI) and no Serious Adverse Device Effect (SADEs) (Pre-specified). Composite WORC ASES and Safety to M2438.0 percentage of participants
Secondary

Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for ASES ROM in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline at Month 24 for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) range of motion (ROM)-physician reported portion. (scale of 0-180 Degrees: higher score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline through to month 24

Population: Intent to Treat (ITT) Population with available data

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for ASES ROM in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears36.89 score on a scale
Tendon RepairMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for ASES ROM in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears18.16 score on a scale
Secondary

Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) in the Intent To Treat Population (ITT) With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) Shoulder Outcome score (where the scale of 0-100:higher score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline to month 24

Population: Intent to Treat (ITT) Population with available data

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) in the Intent To Treat Population (ITT) With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears28.22 score on a scale
Tendon RepairMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for Constant-Murley (CS) in the Intent To Treat Population (ITT) With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears21.81 score on a scale
Secondary

Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for VAS in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as the mean change from baseline at Month 24 for Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (scale of 0-100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline through to month 24

Population: Intent To Treat (ITT) Population with available data

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for VAS in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears-56.55 score on a scale
Tendon RepairMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for VAS in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears-54.55 score on a scale
Secondary

Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. ASES

Mean change in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score from baseline to month 24. The improvement of points of the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) at least 6.4 (point scale of 0-100:higher score is better) reflect the required number of points in improvement for treatment to be considered successful.

Time frame: Baseline through to month 24

Population: Intent To Treat (ITT) Population with available data

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. ASES46.22 score on a scale
Tendon RepairMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. ASES42.53 score on a scale
Secondary

Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. WORC

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as mean change from baseline to Month 24 for Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) total score improvement (≥275) (scale of 0-2100:lower score is better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline through to month 24

Population: The Intent To Treat (ITT) population with available data.

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. WORC-1083.37 score on a scale
Tendon RepairMean Change From Baseline to Month 24 in the Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Through to Month 24. WORC-1007.00 score on a scale
Secondary

The Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for EQ-5D-5L for Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

The secondary effectiveness endpoint was defined as change in baseline to Month 24 for Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L) (scale of 0-100: lower score better) in the two groups, InSpace and Partial Repair.

Time frame: Baseline through to month 24

Population: Intent to Treat (ITT) Population with available data

ArmMeasureValue (MEAN)
InSpace ImplantationThe Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for EQ-5D-5L for Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears-4.65 score on a scale
Tendon RepairThe Mean Change From Baseline to Month 24 for EQ-5D-5L for Intent To Treat (ITT) Population With Available Data With Surgical Treatment Success of the InSpace Device as a Primary Surgical Treatment for Full-thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears-4.00 score on a scale

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 9, 2026