Diabetes, Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Dairy, Breakfast cereal, Postprandial Glycemia, Satiety, Food Intake, Milk, Yogurt, Soy, Almond
Brief summary
This study investigates the effects of commercially-available dairy (1% cow's milk and yogurt beverage) and non-dairy alternatives (almond and soy beverages) on satiety and post-meal blood glucose. Each participant will receive every treatment in this crossover design study.
Detailed description
Regular consumption of dairy is associated with better body composition and lower incidences of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This may be due to dairy's ability to increase satiety and decrease post-prandial glycemia. However, most clinical studies have only investigated isolated dairy proteins (whey and casein) and the effects of whole dairy products remains unclear. Additionally, as non-dairy alternatives are becoming more popular there is interest to see if they can elicit similar benefits as dairy. Therefore, this study will test the effects of commercially-available dairy and non-dairy beverages when consumed with cereal at breakfast time. Thirty healthy young males and females (20-30 years, BMI 20.0-24.9 kg/m2) will be recruited for the randomized, unblinded, crossover study. Participants will fast overnight, and at baseline will consume 250 mL of 1% milk, soy beverage, almond beverage, yogurt beverage, or water with 54 g of Cheerios cereal. At 0 (baseline), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 minutes (pre-meal period) 140, and 170 minutes (post-meal period) blood will be collected for glucose analysis and subjective appetite ratings completed. Insulin will be analyzed every 30 minutes and for the last two timepoints. Between 120-140 minutes, an ad libitum lunch will be provided to assess food intake.
Interventions
OTHER1% M.F. Milk
OTHERYogurt Beverage
OTHERSoy Beverage
OTHERAlmond Beverage
OTHERWater
OTHERBreakfast cereal
Sponsors
Dairy Farmers of Canada
University of Toronto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy BMI (20.0 - 24.9 kg/m2) * Females with regular monthly menstrual cycles
Exclusion criteria
* Diabetes * Fasting blood glucose higher than 5.8 mmol/L * Pregnancy * Medications * Smoking * Lactose intolerance or allergies to milk, soy, or almonds * Elite athletes * Those trying to lose or gain weight * Breakfast skippers and those on an energy-restricted diet * Score equal to or higher than 11 on Eating Habits Questionnaire
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Glucose | 0-170 minutes | Blood glucose (mmol/L) is measured using finger prick capillary blood samples |
| Subjective Appetite | 0-170 minutes | Subjective appetite ratings are obtained from four 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) questions assessing Desire to Eat, Hunger, Fullness and Prospective Food Consumption. The average of all four VAS is calculated to obtain the average appetite score for statistical analysis |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin | 0-170 minutes | Blood insulin (μU/mL) is measured using finger prick capillary blood samples |
| Food Intake | 120-140 minutes | Food at an ad libitum pizza lunch will be weighed to determine food intake based on nutrition information provided by the pizza manufacturer |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed