Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Conditions
Keywords
Glycemic index, honey, reference glucose
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine which of the Ethiopian honeys slowly/rapidly raise the blood glucose level.
Detailed description
Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study. Written consent forms were obtained from all 14 volunteers (7 females and 7 males). The subjects were randomly recruited from twenty eight 3rd year Food Science and Postharvest Technology students. People volunteering to participate in the study were excluded if they are: overweight, dieting, smoking, a family history of diabetes, pregnant, metabolic disorders, suffering from any illness or food allergy and regularly taking medication. The participants were checked for glucose tolerance according to the WHO (World Health Organization) classification (fasting glucose \<7 mmol/L(millimole per lite) and 2-hour blood glucose concentration after a 25g glucose load \<7.8 mmol/L). Ten (5 females and 5 males) were selected from fourteen using lottery sampling methods. Reference glucose and monofloral honeys were used as experimental foods. To determine the GI value, 25 grams of available carbohydrate was fed for ten healthy people in the morning after they have fasted for 11 hours overnight. After fasting blood sample was obtained. The study participants were consumed each honey and reference glucose served. Additional blood samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after eating commenced. Blood glucose response (Area under the curve, AUCt) for test food was compared to the blood glucose response of reference glucose (AUCr). AUC was calculated using SAS (Statistical Analysis Software), 2002. Glycemic index (GI) was calculated using: GI= AUCt/AUCr\*100 Where: AUCt = Area Under the Curve for honey; AUCr = Area Under the Curve for the reference glucose
Interventions
BIOLOGICALProvision of experimental honey
Acacia, Becium grandiflorum, Croton macrostachys, Eucalyptus globules, Hypoestes, Leaucas abyssinica, Schefflera abyssinica, Syzygium guineense and reference glucose were used as test food. 25g available carbohydrate of the test food was provided to ten human subjects after fasted for 11 hours overnight.
Sponsors
Addis Ababa University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 24 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of diabetes Disease * Must be able to drink the honeys and reference glucose
Exclusion criteria
* Overweight, dieting, smoking, a family history of diabetes, pregnant, metabolic disorders, suffering from any illness or food allergy and regularly taking medication.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | 36 days (9 tests in 4 days interval) | Ten healthy individuals consumed monofloral honeys (25g of available carbohydrate in 250 mL water) after fasting for 11 hours. Blood glucose levels (mmol/L) were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) verse blood glucose levels (mmol/L) used to establish the area under the curve (AUC) for the honeys and reference glucose. This was used to calculate the glycemic index of honey each honey (GI= AUC for honey/AUC for reference glucose\*100). All 10 participants took eight different honeys and reference glucose on nine different days (with randomized allocation of samples). |
Participant flow
Recruitment details
After a through orientation on research objectives to 3rd year Food Science & Technology students, 14 volunteer free of: overweight, dieting, smoking, family history of diabetes, pregnant, metabolic disorders, and suffering from food allergy were selected. Out of 14 eligible students, 5female and 5male students were selected using lottery sampling.
Pre-assignment details
The Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study. Written consent forms were obtained from all 14 volunteers (7 females and 7 males).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Provision of Experimental Honeys Monofloral honeys, namely: Acacia, Becium grandiflorum, Croton macrostachys, Eucalyptus globules, Hypoestes, Leaucas abyssinica, Schefflera abyssinica, Syzygium guineense collected from honey productive areas; and reference glucose were used as a test food. 25g available carbohydrate of the test foods was provided to all ten human subjects after fasted for 11 hours overnight. After fasting blood sample was collected from the finger. Additional blood samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Glucose concentration of blood samples was used to draw a two-hour blood glucose response curve. Area under curve (AUC) for test food and reference glucose was calculated by trapezoidal rule. | 10 |
| Total | 10 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Provision of Experimental Honeys |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 10 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 21.60 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.17 |
| Blood glucose level (mmol/L) | 10 Participant |
| Gender Female | 5 Participants |
| Gender Male | 5 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 10 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 10 |
Outcome results
Primary
Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects
Ten healthy individuals consumed monofloral honeys (25g of available carbohydrate in 250 mL water) after fasting for 11 hours. Blood glucose levels (mmol/L) were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) verse blood glucose levels (mmol/L) used to establish the area under the curve (AUC) for the honeys and reference glucose. This was used to calculate the glycemic index of honey each honey (GI= AUC for honey/AUC for reference glucose\*100). All 10 participants took eight different honeys and reference glucose on nine different days (with randomized allocation of samples).
Time frame: 36 days (9 tests in 4 days interval)
Population: All 10 participants took, 25g available carbohydrate of eight different honeys and reference glucose, on nine different days in 4 days interval. Blood was taken from finger prick using automatic lancet at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes; glucose levels were recorded and area under the blood glucose curve was calculated.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Acacia | 54.73 Index | Standard Deviation 7.19 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Becium grandiflorum | 62.82 Index | Standard Deviation 7.73 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Croton macrostachyus | 60.31 Index | Standard Deviation 7.26 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Eucalyptus globulus | 59.54 Index | Standard Deviation 7.34 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Hypoestes | 63.22 Index | Standard Deviation 6.69 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Leucas abyssinica | 64.06 Index | Standard Deviation 7.58 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Schefflera abyssinica | 71.90 Index | Standard Deviation 7.47 |
| Provision of Experimental Honeys | Examine Effect of Monofloral Honey Types on Glycemic Index of Health Human Subjects | Syzygium guineense | 63.07 Index | Standard Deviation 7.37 |
Comparison: Hypothesis Ho: Honey plant origin does not affects the glycemic index of human subjects. Ha: Honey plant origin affects the glycemic index of human subjects.p-value: <0.01ANOVA