Appetite Regulation
Conditions
Keywords
Dairy, appetite, feeding behaviour
Brief summary
Comprising two experiments, the investigators assessed the metabolic, endocrine and appetite-related responses to acute (1-d, part 1) and daily mid-morning milk consumption (28-d, part 2) in adolescent males (15-18 y).
Detailed description
The aims of the present study were twofold. Firstly, this study sought to examine the acute (1-d) effects of mid-morning milk consumption on subsequent metabolic, endocrine and appetite-related responses relative to an isoenergetic and isovolumetric serving of fruit-juice (part 1). Considering the putative mechanisms of milk consumption on appetite, feeding behavior and metabolism no studies are available that have explored the impact of daily milk or dairy food consumption on the above mentioned constructs in children and adolescents. This study therefore also aimed to compare the effect of daily (28-d) mid-morning milk or fruit-juice consumption on the above mentioned constructs (part 2). Eleven adolescents participated in part 1 of this study and completed two trials (milk or fruit-juice mid-morning snack) in a randomized crossover design. For part 2, a parallel design with two intervention groups was employed. Participants were randomly allocated to groups, and received either a milk (n = 10) or an isocaloric and isovolumetric fruit-juice (n = 9) mid-morning snack for 28-d. On laboratory visits (for both part 1 and 2) participants remained at rest for 180 min. During this time, circulating concentrations of GLP-17-36, glucagon, insulin, leptin and blood glucose were determined. Measures of energy expenditure, substrate metabolism and subjective appetite were also collected. At 180 min, a homogenous ad libitum pasta meal was provided. For the remainder of the study day, subsequent energy intake was recorded utilizing a combined weighed self-reported food record and 24-h dietary recall technique.
Interventions
OTHERmilk
small serving (217 mL) of british semi-skimmed milk
OTHERorange fruit-juice
small serving (217 mL) of orange juice
Sponsors
Dairy Council, United Kingdom
Northumbria University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
15 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Male 2. Non diabetic 3. 15-18 yrs
Exclusion criteria
1. Are outside of the stipulated age range (15-18 years old) 2. A diabetic 3. Hold an aversion/dislike to milk, milk based products and the test meals provided. 4. Are known to be lactose intolerant 5. Currently taking any form of medication known to affect taste, smell and appetite 6. Female
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial glucagon area under the curve | 180 min | Fingertip-capillary measures of GLP-1 were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP) area under the curve | 180 min | Fingertip-capillary measures of glucagon were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial blood glucose area under the curve | 180 min | Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
| Feeding behaviour | assessed at 180 min and following 24 h | Energy intake was assessed at 180 min via an ad libitum pasta meal. Here subjects ate the pasta meal until they identified they were comfortably full. On completion of this, participants self-reported their energy intake for the remainder of the study day after leaving the laboratory. |
| Postprandial insulin area under the curve | 180 min | Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
| Substrate oxidation | 180 min | Measures of substrate oxidation were calculated, through the use of Douglass Bags, for 300 seconds at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
| Subjective appetite | 180 min | Subjective measures of appetite were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
| Energy Expenditure | 180 min | Measures of energy expenditure were calculated, through the use of Douglass Bags, for 300 seconds at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
| Postprandial leptin area under the curve | 180 min | Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol. |
Outcome results
None listed