Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of short ragweed pollen allergen extract (MK-3641, SCH 039641, RAGWITEK™) sublingual immunotherapy tablets in children aged 5 to 17 years with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma. The primary hypothesis of this study is that administration of short ragweed pollen allergen extract sublingual immunotherapy tablets to children 5 to 17 years of age, compared with placebo, will result in a significant reduction in the combination of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and medication use over the peak ragweed season (RS).
Interventions
BIOLOGICALPlacebo
One placebo sublingual tablet, QD for up to 35 weeks.
BIOLOGICALShort ragweed pollen allergen extract
One sublingual tablet containing 12 units of Amb a 1-U, once daily (QD) for up to 35 weeks.
DRUGSelf-injectable epinephrine
Intramuscular (IM) injection with suggested doses of 0.15 mg for participants weighing 15-30 kg (33-66 pounds) or 0.3 mg for participants weighing ≥30 kg (≥66 pounds), as needed for severe allergic reactions. Epinephrine was only provided in countries/study sites where it was a regulatory requirement.
DRUGAlbuterol/Salbutamol
Inhalation of albuterol 90 mcg/puff or salbutamol 100 mcg/puff metered dose inhaler (MDI), as needed as asthma rescue medication for those participants with asthma
DRUGLoratadine
5 mg (1 mg/mL syrup or 5 mg tablet) for participants 5 years old or 10 mg (1 mg/mL syrup or 10 mg tablet) for participants 6 to 17 years old, as needed for rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms
DRUGOlopatadine
Opthalmic solution, 1 drop (0.1%) per affected eye twice daily (BID), as needed for rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms
Intranasal spray, at doses of 1 spray (50 mcg/ spray) per nostril for participants 5 to 11 years old or 2 sprays (50 mcg/spray) per nostril for participants 12 to 17 years old, as needed for rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms
Sponsors
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
4 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Is between the ages of 4 and 17 years (inclusive) at enrollment in this study and is at least 5 years old at randomization * Has a clinical history of significant ragweed pollen-induced allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis of ≥1 year (at least 1 season for ages 4 to 6 years) or ≥2 years (at least 2 seasons for ages 7 to 17 years) duration diagnosed by a physician (with or without asthma) and have received treatment for the condition during the previous ragweed season * If female, agrees to remain abstinent or use (or have their partner use) an acceptable method of birth control within the projected duration of the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Has a clinical history of symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis (and/or asthma) due to another allergen, which has required regular medication during, or potentially overlapping, the ragweed season * Has a clinical history of significant symptomatic perennial allergic rhinitis and/or asthma due to an allergen to which the subject is regularly exposed during the ragweed season which would interfere with assessment of the treatment effect * Has any nasal condition that could confound the efficacy or safety assessments (e.g., nasal polyposis). * Has asthma requiring high daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids within the 6 months prior to the Screening visit * Is either \>7 years old and cannot perform reproducible FEV1 maneuvers despite coaching; OR is ≤7 years old and cannot perform reproducible FEV1 maneuvers despite coaching and has current symptoms of asthma characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, or episodes of cough, wheeze, difficulty in breathing, or chest tightness * Has severe, unstable, or uncontrolled asthma, as judged by the clinical investigator, or has experienced a life-threatening asthma attack or an occurrence of any clinical deterioration of asthma that resulted in emergency treatment, hospitalization due to asthma, or treatment with systemic corticosteroids (but allowing short-acting beta agonists) at any time within the last 3 months prior to the Screening or Randomization visits * Has a history of anaphylaxis with cardiorespiratory symptoms with prior immunotherapy, unknown cause, or inhalant allergen * Has a diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis * Has a history of chronic urticaria and/or chronic angioedema * Has a clinical history of chronic sinusitis during the 2 years prior to the Screening or Randomization visits * Has current severe atopic dermatitis * Has a history of allergy, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to the ingredients of the study drug (except for Ambrosia artemisiifolia), rescue medications, or self-injectable epinephrine * Has previously received short ragweed pollen allergen extract * Has previously been randomized into this study * Is participating in any other clinical study or plans to participate in another clinical study during the duration of this study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Combined Score (TCS) During the Peak Ragweed Season (RS) | The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average | TCS is daily symptom score (DSS) plus daily medication score (DMS), assessed in the peak RS (15 consecutive RS days with the highest 15-day average pollen count). The rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS assesses 6 allergy symptoms measured on a scale of 0 to 3 (0=no symptoms, 3=severe symptoms; score range: 0-18). Lower DSS indicates less RC symptoms. The RC DMS is based on use of RC rescue medications (loratadine, olopatadine, mometasone), with different rescue medications being assigned different scores/dose unit (score range: 0-20). Lower DMS indicates less RC medication use. Summed RC DSS+DMS could range from 0 to 38; a lower score indicates less RC symptoms and medication use. Components that contribute to DSS and DMS endpoints are collected in an electronic diary (e-diary) completed by the participant/parent/guardian. Evaluation is based on average TCS during peak RS. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS During the Peak RS | The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average | The DSS consists of a total of 6 rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms: 4 rhinitis symptoms (runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, itchy nose) and 2 conjunctivitis symptoms (itchy eyes, watery eyes). The components that contribute to the DSS endpoint are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian. The RC DSS is measured on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3 as follows: 0 (no sign/symptom evident) to 3 (sign/symptom that is hard to tolerate; may cause interference with activities of daily living and/or sleeping). The maximum DSS is 18 points if a participant experiences all 6 symptoms with an intensity of 3 for each symptom. The minimum DSS is 0 points if a participant experiences no symptoms. A lower DSS means symptoms are less severe. The evaluation is based on the average DSS during the peak RS. |
| Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DMS During the Peak RS | The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average | This DMS endpoint consists of a total of scores for use of RC medications: loratadine syrup or tablets (6 points), olopatadine (6 points), and mometasone (8 points). The score range of the RC DMS is 0-20 points, and a lower DMS means that less medication is used. The method used for analysis of the RC DMS is a zero-inflated log-normal model, which takes the average RC DMS during the peak RS as the response and adjusts for the same terms as in the ANOVA model. The components that contribute to the DMS endpoint are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian. |
| Average TCS During the Entire RS | Up to 13 weeks | TCS is DSS plus DMS, assessed here during the entire RS. This starts from the first day of 3 consecutive days with ragweed pollen counts ≥10 grains/m\^3 through the last day of the last occurrence of 3 consecutive days with ragweed pollen counts ≥10 grains/m\^3. The duration of the entire RS is up to 13 weeks; this duration varies by site/region. The RC DSS assesses 6 allergy symptoms measured on a scale of 0 to 3 (score range: 0-18). A lower DSS indicates less RC symptoms. The RC DMS is based on use of RC rescue medications (loratadine, olopatadine, mometasone) with different scores/dose unit (score range: 0-20). A lower DMS indicates less RC medication use. The sum of RC DSS+DMS ranges from 0 to 38, with a lower score indicating less RC symptoms and medication use. Components contributing to the TCS for the entire RS are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian. |
| Percentage of Participants Reporting Anaphylaxis and/or Systemic Allergic Reactions | Up to 35 weeks | For the purposes of this study, systemic allergic reactions are allergic reactions that occur away from the site of study drug application (allergic reactions other than local application site reactions). Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that typically involves more than one body system. |
| Percentage of Participants Treated With Epinephrine | Up to 35 weeks | Self-injectable epinephrine was provided to each participant/parent/guardian at randomization in countries where it is a regulatory requirement, and was to be available around the time treatment is administered at home. Self-injectable epinephrine was intended for immediate self-administration for an anaphylactic reaction, including symptoms/signs of upper airway obstruction. Instances of treatment with forms of epinephrine other than systemic epinephrine (e.g., inhaled racepinephrine) were counted as use of epinephrine. |
| Percentage of Participants Reporting Pre-specified Local Application Site Reactions | Up to 35 weeks | Pre-specified local application site reactions, irrespective of causality, included AEs related to lip swelling/edema, mouth swelling/edema, palatal swelling/edema, swollen tongue/edema, oropharyngeal swelling/edema, pharyngeal edema/throat tightness, oral pruritus, throat irritation, tongue pruritus, and ear pruritus. |
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract Participants received one short ragweed pollen allergen extract sublingual tablet containing 12 units of Amb a 1-U, QD for up to 35 weeks. | 512 |
| Placebo Participants received one placebo sublingual tablet, QD for up to 35 weeks. | 510 |
| Total | 1,022 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 20 | 5 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 5 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Non-Compliance With Study Drug | 5 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 3 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal By Parent/Guardian | 9 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal By Participant | 10 | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 12.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 | 12.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1 | 12.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1 |
| Age, Customized < 12 years | 206 Participants | 204 Participants | 410 Participants |
| Age, Customized ≥ 12 years | 306 Participants | 306 Participants | 612 Participants |
| Baseline Asthma Status No | 293 Participants | 293 Participants | 586 Participants |
| Baseline Asthma Status Yes | 219 Participants | 217 Participants | 436 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic or Latino | 15 Participants | 21 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Not Hispanic or Latino | 490 Participants | 483 Participants | 973 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Not Reported | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 18 Participants | 14 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 13 Participants | 11 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 473 Participants | 477 Participants | 950 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 188 Participants | 191 Participants | 379 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 324 Participants | 319 Participants | 643 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 513 | 0 / 509 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 370 / 513 | 233 / 509 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 7 / 513 | 9 / 509 |
Outcome results
Primary
Total Combined Score (TCS) During the Peak Ragweed Season (RS)
TCS is daily symptom score (DSS) plus daily medication score (DMS), assessed in the peak RS (15 consecutive RS days with the highest 15-day average pollen count). The rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS assesses 6 allergy symptoms measured on a scale of 0 to 3 (0=no symptoms, 3=severe symptoms; score range: 0-18). Lower DSS indicates less RC symptoms. The RC DMS is based on use of RC rescue medications (loratadine, olopatadine, mometasone), with different rescue medications being assigned different scores/dose unit (score range: 0-20). Lower DMS indicates less RC medication use. Summed RC DSS+DMS could range from 0 to 38; a lower score indicates less RC symptoms and medication use. Components that contribute to DSS and DMS endpoints are collected in an electronic diary (e-diary) completed by the participant/parent/guardian. Evaluation is based on average TCS during peak RS.
Time frame: The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average
Population: The analysis population includes all treated participants w/ ≥1 e-diary entry for the specified measurement and timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Total Combined Score (TCS) During the Peak Ragweed Season (RS) | 4.39 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 3.85 |
| Placebo | Total Combined Score (TCS) During the Peak Ragweed Season (RS) | 7.12 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 6.57 |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-3.45, -2]ANOVA
Secondary
Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DMS During the Peak RS
This DMS endpoint consists of a total of scores for use of RC medications: loratadine syrup or tablets (6 points), olopatadine (6 points), and mometasone (8 points). The score range of the RC DMS is 0-20 points, and a lower DMS means that less medication is used. The method used for analysis of the RC DMS is a zero-inflated log-normal model, which takes the average RC DMS during the peak RS as the response and adjusts for the same terms as in the ANOVA model. The components that contribute to the DMS endpoint are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian.
Time frame: The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average
Population: The analysis population includes all treated participants w/ ≥1 e-diary entry for the specified measurement and timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DMS During the Peak RS | 2.01 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 1.57 |
| Placebo | Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DMS During the Peak RS | 3.85 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 3.14 |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-2.6, -1.08]Zero-Inflated Log-Normal Model
Secondary
Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS During the Peak RS
The DSS consists of a total of 6 rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms: 4 rhinitis symptoms (runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, itchy nose) and 2 conjunctivitis symptoms (itchy eyes, watery eyes). The components that contribute to the DSS endpoint are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian. The RC DSS is measured on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3 as follows: 0 (no sign/symptom evident) to 3 (sign/symptom that is hard to tolerate; may cause interference with activities of daily living and/or sleeping). The maximum DSS is 18 points if a participant experiences all 6 symptoms with an intensity of 3 for each symptom. The minimum DSS is 0 points if a participant experiences no symptoms. A lower DSS means symptoms are less severe. The evaluation is based on the average DSS during the peak RS.
Time frame: The 15-day period during the ragweed season with the highest moving pollen average
Population: The analysis population includes all treated participants w/ ≥1 e-diary entry for the specified measurement and timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS During the Peak RS | 2.55 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 2.24 |
| Placebo | Average Rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) DSS During the Peak RS | 3.95 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 3.63 |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-1.81, -0.99]ANOVA
Secondary
Average TCS During the Entire RS
TCS is DSS plus DMS, assessed here during the entire RS. This starts from the first day of 3 consecutive days with ragweed pollen counts ≥10 grains/m\^3 through the last day of the last occurrence of 3 consecutive days with ragweed pollen counts ≥10 grains/m\^3. The duration of the entire RS is up to 13 weeks; this duration varies by site/region. The RC DSS assesses 6 allergy symptoms measured on a scale of 0 to 3 (score range: 0-18). A lower DSS indicates less RC symptoms. The RC DMS is based on use of RC rescue medications (loratadine, olopatadine, mometasone) with different scores/dose unit (score range: 0-20). A lower DMS indicates less RC medication use. The sum of RC DSS+DMS ranges from 0 to 38, with a lower score indicating less RC symptoms and medication use. Components contributing to the TCS for the entire RS are collected in an e-diary completed by the participant/parent/guardian.
Time frame: Up to 13 weeks
Population: The analysis population includes all treated participants w/ ≥1 e-diary entry for the specified measurement and timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Average TCS During the Entire RS | 3.88 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 3.44 |
| Placebo | Average TCS During the Entire RS | 5.75 Score on a scale | 95% Confidence Interval 5.3 |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-2.46, -1.27]ANOVA
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Reporting Anaphylaxis and/or Systemic Allergic Reactions
For the purposes of this study, systemic allergic reactions are allergic reactions that occur away from the site of study drug application (allergic reactions other than local application site reactions). Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that typically involves more than one body system.
Time frame: Up to 35 weeks
Population: The safety population was all participants as treated. One participant was randomized to placebo but received short ragweed pollen allergen extract for one day and is included in the short ragweed pollen allergen extract arm.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Percentage of Participants Reporting Anaphylaxis and/or Systemic Allergic Reactions | 0.58 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants Reporting Anaphylaxis and/or Systemic Allergic Reactions | 0.20 Percentage of Participants |
p-value: =0.3295% CI: [-0.57, 1.53]Miettinen & Nurminen
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Reporting Pre-specified Local Application Site Reactions
Pre-specified local application site reactions, irrespective of causality, included AEs related to lip swelling/edema, mouth swelling/edema, palatal swelling/edema, swollen tongue/edema, oropharyngeal swelling/edema, pharyngeal edema/throat tightness, oral pruritus, throat irritation, tongue pruritus, and ear pruritus.
Time frame: Up to 35 weeks
Population: The safety population was all participants as treated. One participant was randomized to placebo but received short ragweed pollen allergen extract for one day and is included in the short ragweed pollen allergen extract arm.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Percentage of Participants Reporting Pre-specified Local Application Site Reactions | 64.52 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants Reporting Pre-specified Local Application Site Reactions | 26.92 Percentage of Participants |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [31.82, 43.12]Miettinen & Nurminen
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Treated With Epinephrine
Self-injectable epinephrine was provided to each participant/parent/guardian at randomization in countries where it is a regulatory requirement, and was to be available around the time treatment is administered at home. Self-injectable epinephrine was intended for immediate self-administration for an anaphylactic reaction, including symptoms/signs of upper airway obstruction. Instances of treatment with forms of epinephrine other than systemic epinephrine (e.g., inhaled racepinephrine) were counted as use of epinephrine.
Time frame: Up to 35 weeks
Population: The safety population was all participants as treated. One participant was randomized to placebo but received short ragweed pollen allergen extract for one day and is included in the short ragweed pollen allergen extract arm.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Short Ragweed Pollen Allergen Extract | Percentage of Participants Treated With Epinephrine | 0.19 Percentage of Participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants Treated With Epinephrine | 0.20 Percentage of Participants |
p-value: =0.99695% CI: [-0.92, 0.92]Miettinen & Nurminen